介绍
Spring 为展现层提供的基于 MVC 设计理念的优秀的 Web 框架,是目前最主流的MVC 框架之一。
一种轻量级的、基于MVC的Web层应用框架。它能让我们对请求数据的出来,响应数据的处理,页面的跳转等等常见的web操作变得更加简单方便。
准备
新建一个web工程(不演示)结构如下图:
1.导入相关依赖
dependencies>
<!-- servlet依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jsp依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springmvc的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jackson,帮助进行json转换-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- maven插件(tomcat7)-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<!--端口-->
<port>81</port>
<!--项目路径-->
<path>/</path>
<!--解决get请求中文乱码-->
<uriEncoding>utf-8</uriEncoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2.在resouce文件目录下编写springmvc配置文件
spring-mvc.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--
SpringMVC只扫描controller包即可
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zijie.controller"/>
<!-- 解决静态资源访问问题,如果不加mvc:annotation-driven会导致无法访问handler-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--解决响应乱码-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="utf-8"/>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
3.配置web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--
为DispatcherServlet提供初始化参数的
设置springmvc配置文件的路径
name是固定的,必须是contextConfigLocation
value指的是SpringMVC配置文件的位置
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--
指定项目启动就初始化DispatcherServlet
-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<!--
/ 表示当前servlet映射除jsp之外的所有请求(包含静态资源)
*.do 表示.do结尾的请求路径才能被SpringMVC处理(老项目会出现)
/* 表示当前servlet映射所有请求(包含静态资源,jsp),不应该使用其配置DispatcherServlet
-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--乱码处理过滤器,由SpringMVC提供-->
<!-- 处理post请求乱码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<!-- name固定不变,value值根据需要设置 -->
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!-- 所有请求都设置utf-8的编码 -->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
4.在webapp目录下新建两个文件(index.html和success.jsp)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎进入!
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 27883
Date: 2022/7/30
Time: 18:55
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
成功
</body>
</html>
5.编写controller层实现类
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")//指定请求路径是/hello的才能被该方法处理
public String hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
return "/success.jsp";//跳转到success.jsp
}
}
6.启动tomcat
7.访问hello则会跳转到success.jsp界面并显示其内容
想要学习的同学可以访问b站三更草堂老师的视频:SpringMVC框架教程