文章目录
书接上文——> spring核心容器
这次我们来学习一下spring如何使用注解开发
spring注解开发
1.注解定义bean
1.xml配置形式定义bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.ttc.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>
</beans>
2.注解形式定义bean
1.指定component的名字
package com.ttc.dao.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("bookDao")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save");
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ttc.dao.impl"/>
</beans>
package com.ttc;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");
bookDao.save();
}
}
2.不指定component的名字
- 如果不指定component的名字,那么
ApplicationContext.getBean()
需要类.class,使用反射机制 - 如果需要被扫描的bean未添加
@Component
注解,则抛出异常:NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
package com.ttc.service.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import com.ttc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
private BookDao bookDao;
public void save() {
System.out.println("book service save");
bookDao.save();
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ttc.service.impl"/>
</beans>
package com.ttc;
import com.ttc.service.BookService;
import com.ttc.service.impl.BookServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = ctx.getBean(BookServiceImpl.class);
System.out.println(bookService);
}
}
3.@Component三个引申注解
- @Controller
- @Service
- @Repository
2.纯注解定义bean(配置类)
1.新建SpringConfig类
@Configuration
注解,成为spring的配置类- 功能上相当于 applicationContext.xml
@ComponentSacn
注解,配置bean扫描范围- 功能上相当于
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ttc"/>
- 扫描多个写成数组形式
@ComponentScan({"com.ttc.dao","com.ttc.service"})
- 功能上相当于
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.ttc")
public class SpringConfig {
}
2.创建容器加载bean
- 原来
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml")
- 现在
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class)
package com.ttc;
import com.ttc.config.SpringConfig;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import com.ttc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");
System.out.println(bookDao);
BookService bookService = ctx.getBean(BookService.class);
System.out.println(bookService);
}
}
3.bean管理
- 设为单例
@Scope("singleton")
默认单例 - 设为原型
@Scope("prototype")
- 生命周期管理
@PostConstructor
构造方法后@PreDestroy
bean销毁前
package com.ttc.dao;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
@Repository
@Scope("prototype")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao{
public void save(){
System.out.println("book dao save");
}
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println("init~~~");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("destroy~~~");
}
}
package com.ttc;
import com.ttc.config.SpringConfig;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class App{
public static void main(String[] args){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
BookDao bookDao1 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
BookDao bookDao2 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
System.out.println(bookDao1);
System.out.println(bookDao2);
ctx.registerShutdownHook();
}
}
注:1.ApplicationContext接口没有close和registerShutdownHook方法 要用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext接口 2.bookDao设置为单例,销毁方法才能生效
4.依赖注入
@Autowired
,按类型注入- 如有多个相同类型bean,则抛出
NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
- 给待注入的bean加上
@Repository("bookDao1")
起名 - 依赖注入加上
@Qualifier
如:@Qualifier(“bookDao1”) - @Qualifier 依赖于 @Autowired
- 给待注入的bean加上
- BookService没有
setBookDao
方法也行,使用暴力反射机制
- 如有多个相同类型bean,则抛出
@Value
,给简单类型赋值
package com.ttc.service.impl;
import com.ttc.service.BookService;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("bookDao1")
private BookDao bookDao;
public void setBookDao(BookDao bookDao){
this.bookDao = bookDao;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("book service save");
bookDao.save();
}
}
package com.ttc.dao.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("bookDao1")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
@Value("张三")
private String name;
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save " + name );
}
}
package com.ttc.dao.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("bookDao2")
public class BookDaoImpl2 implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save2");
}
}
3.@Value
引入外部properties文件
name="zhangsan666"
- 修改配置类
- 添加
@PropertySource
- 多个配置文件用数组连接 如
@PropertySource({"jdbc.properties","mybatis.properties"})
@PropertySource
不支持通配符
- 添加
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.ttc.dao","com.ttc.service"})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class SpringConfig {
}
package com.ttc.dao.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("bookDao1")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
@Value("${name}")
private String name;
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save " + name );
}
}
3.第三方bean管理
1.引入druid坐标
<!-- druid依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
2.定义第三方bean配置类
- 定义一个方法获取要管理的第三方bean
@Bean
将方法返回值定义成bean
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig{
// 1.定义一个方法获得要管理的对象
// 2.添加 @Bean 表示当前方法的返回值是个bean
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(){
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/boot");
ds.setUsername("root");
ds.setPassword("root");
return ds;
}
}
package com.ttc;
import com.ttc.config.SpringConfig;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class);
System.out.println(dataSource);
}
}
效果如下
{
CreateTime:"2023-04-02 20:32:00",
ActiveCount:0,
PoolingCount:0,
CreateCount:0,
DestroyCount:0,
CloseCount:0,
ConnectCount:0,
Connections:[
]
}
3.改进SpringConfig
方法1:给JdbcConfig类加上注解 @Configuration
;SpringConfig类配置@ComponentScan("com.ttc.config")
TODO:一般将jdbc的配置单独写成一个类JdbcConfig.java
package com.ttc.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {
// 1.定义一个方法获得要管理的对象
// 2.添加 @Bean 表示当前方法的返回值是个bean
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/boot");
ds.setUsername("root");
ds.setPassword("root");
return ds;
}
}
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.ttc.config")
public class SpringConfig {
}
方法2:JdbcConfig不加注解 @Configuration
;SpringConfig使用注解@Import(JdbcConfig.class)
如有多个写成数组形式@Import({JdbcConfig.class,MybatisConfig.class})
TODO:@Import
里面使用.class 且 不加引号
package com.ttc.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class JdbcConfig {
// 1.定义一个方法获得要管理的对象
// 2.添加 @Bean 表示当前方法的返回值是个bean
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/boot");
ds.setUsername("root");
ds.setPassword("root");
return ds;
}
}
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(JdbcConfig.class)
public class SpringConfig {
}
4.为第三方bean注入依赖
package com.ttc.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class JdbcConfig{
@Value("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")
private String driver;
@Value("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/boot")
private String url;
@Value("root")
private String username;
@Value("root")
private String password;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(BookDao bookDao){
System.out.println(bookDao);
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
ds.setUrl(url);
ds.setUsername(username);
ds.setPassword(password);
return ds;
}
}
package com.ttc.dao.impl;
import com.ttc.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao{
public void save(){
System.out.println("book dao save");
}
}
package com.ttc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
@Configuration
@Import(JdbcConfig.class)
@ComponentScan("com.ttc.dao")
public class SpringConfig {
}
public DataSource dataSource(BookDao bookDao)
引入类型注入的时候,是按类型注入的 需要给bookDaoImpl加上@Repository
注解
4.XML方式与注解配置比较
功能 | XML | 注解 |
---|---|---|
定义bean | bean标签 id标记一个bean class对应类所在位置(实现类) | @Component @Repository @Service @Controller @ComponentScan |
设置依赖注入 | setter注入 构造器注入 ref属性 引用类型 value属性 简单类型 array 集合类型 autowire=byName autowire=byType | @Autowired @Qualifier @Value |
配置第三方bean | 写在properties文件 用${}占位符 静态工厂 实例工厂 FactoryBean | @Bean @Import |
作用范围 | ClassPathXmlApplicationContext scope属性:singleton单例 scope属性:prototype原型 | AnnotationConfigApplicationContext @Scope(“singleton”) @Scope(“prototype”) |
生命周期 | init-method destroy-method 实现接口 | @PostConstructor @PreDestroy |
完结撒花🌷
各位小伙伴们,下篇文章再见哦