目录
一、STM32cubMax
现在新的32已经不支持标准库开发了,所以我决定学习cubmax导出hal库来开发32的方式。
官网地址: http://www.st.com/en/development-tools/stm32cubemx.html
new project
选用的就行,我选个主流的便宜的c8t6
点这个产生源码
翻译了一下
生成后打开
二、F0存储器映射
注:被控单元的FLASH,RAM和AHB到APB的桥(即片上外设),这些功能部件共同排列在一个 4GB 的地址空间内。我们在编程的时候,可以通过他们的地址找到他们,然后来操作他们
l 存储器本身没有地址,给存储器分配地址的过程叫存储器映射
32其实也是一款SOC,把CPU和外设集成到一块芯片中,这个东西就是片上系统。
l § 可寻址 4GB 字节空间l § 多达 64KB 片上闪存l § 多达 8K 的 SRAM
以GPIOA寄存器组为例、如何读写ODR寄存器?
以知GPIOA的起始地址为0x48000000
各寄存器的偏移地址如下:
MODER; /*Address offset: 0x00 */
OTYPER; /*Address offset: 0x04 */
OSPEEDR; /*Address offset: 0x08 */
PUPDR; /*Address offset: 0x0C */
IDR; /*Address offset: 0x10 */
ODR; /*Address offset: 0x14 */
BSRR; /*Address offset: 0x18 */
LCKR; /*Address offset: 0x1C */
对地址进行宏定义
l#define GPIOA_BASE ( (unsigned int ) 0x48000000 )
#define GPIOA_ODR ( GPIOA_BASE + 0x14 )
读操作
val = *(unsigned int *) GPIOA_ODR ;
写操作
*(unsigned int *) GPIOA_ODR = val ;
改进
#define GPIOA_ODR ( *(unsigned int *) ( GPIOA_BASE + 0x14 ))
val = GPIOA_ODR ; //读
GPIOA_ODR = val ; //写
用上面的方法去定义地址,还是稍显繁琐、根据我们每一类外设对应的寄存器组地址都是连续增长的特点,我们引入 C 语言中的结构体语法对寄存器进行封装、
typedef struct {
uint32_t MODER; /*Address offset: 0x00 */
uint32_t OTYPER; /*Address offset: 0x04 */
uint32_t OSPEEDR; /*Address offset: 0x08 */
uint32_t PUPDR; /*Address offset: 0x0C */
uint32_t IDR; /*Address offset: 0x10 */
uint32_t ODR; /*Address offset: 0x14 */
uint32_t BSRR; /*Address offset: 0x18 */
uint32_t LCKR; /*Address offset: 0x1C */
} GPIO_TypeDef;
#define GPIOA_BASE ( (unsigned int ) 0x48000000 )
#define GPIOA ((GPIO_TypeDef *) GPIOA_BASE)
很眼熟吧,裸机开发4412的时候就是这样写的。其实所有的裸机开发都是这种方式,可能不绝对,但是我玩过三款51,好多款32,和一款A9都是这样开发的。但是裸机开发对于功能丰富的SOC很不友好,于是就有了各种库。
注:我们访问GPIOA的控制寄存器组时、直接使用宏定义好 GPIO_TypeDef 类型的指针,而且指针指向 GPIOA端口的首地址,这样我们直接用宏GPIOA访问改外设的任意一个寄存器
GPIOA->MODER = 0x20 ;
GPIOA->OSPEEDR = 0x16 ;
因为时钟的频率不一样所以需要不同的总线,同速的外设挂载到一条总线上
我们的cpu和外设交互需要一个仲裁,这个仲裁我感觉就类似于之前学习驱动时的那种总线控制器
只是这里是利用总线矩阵来仲裁
三、启动文件
注:Cortex-M0 的程序映像通常是从地址 0x00000000 开始的、系统复位后,处理器首先读取向量表中的前两个字(8 个字节),第一个字存入 MSP,第二个字为复位向量,它表示程序执行的起始地址(复位处理)
我们的主闪存其实就是Flash
系统存储器里是厂家内置的bootloader(ISP)
根据启动模式的不同,用户闪存、系统闪存和SRAM都
可以映射到0x0的低端地址;
我们的板子boot0直接接地,因此启动区域为flash启动
注:
栈的作用是用于局部变量,函数调用,函数形参等的开销
堆主要用来动态内存的分配
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2016 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f051x8.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Description : STM32F051x4/STM32F051x6/STM32F051x8 devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* After Reset the CortexM0 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
;*
;* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
;* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
;* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
;* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
;* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
;* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
;* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
;* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
;* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
;* without specific prior written permission.
;*
;* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
;* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
;* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
;* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
;* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
;* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
;* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
;* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
;* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
;* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
;
;*******************************************************************************
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
; <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Stack_Size EQU 0x400 ;定义栈的大小1K
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 ;AREA 是定义一个段,此处定义的是栈段,没有初始化的段,可读可写,align是说段的起始地址应该是8的倍数
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;SPACE 是为栈分配空间,开辟栈空间大小为0x400
__initial_sp ;__initial_sp是个标号,这个标号指向栈的栈顶
; <h> Heap Configuration
; <o> Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Heap_Size EQU 0x200 ;定义堆的大小 512B
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base ;堆的起始地址
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;堆的大小
__heap_limit ;堆的结束地址
PRESERVE8
THUMB
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ;此处定义的数据段,数据段放的是中断向量表,只读
EXPORT __Vectors ;EXPORT在程序中声明一个全局的标号__Vectors,该标号可在其它的文件中引用
EXPORT __Vectors_End
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
;DCD指令以字为单位分配内存,要求4字节对齐,并要求初始化这些内存。
;在向量表中,DCD 分配了一堆内存,并且以 ESR 的入口地址初始化它们。
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack 存放__initial_sp,也就是堆栈栈顶的地址
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC through EXTI Line
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0 and 1
DCD EXTI2_3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2 and 3
DCD EXTI4_15_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4 to 15
DCD TSC_IRQHandler ; TS
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2 and Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4 and Channel 5
DCD ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler ; ADC1, COMP1 and COMP2
DCD TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break, Update, Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM14
DCD TIM15_IRQHandler ; TIM15
DCD TIM16_IRQHandler ; TIM16
DCD TIM17_IRQHandler ; TIM17
DCD I2C1_IRQHandler ; I2C1
DCD I2C2_IRQHandler ; I2C2
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD CEC_IRQHandler ; CEC
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;text 一般代表代码段
; Reset handler routine
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] ;“[WEAK]”是一个弱符号声明,就是告诉编译器,我这里声明的标号的优先权低于其它同名的标号,也就是说如果在工程中还有别的函数和我同名,那么你就调用和我同名的其它函数,如果没有同名的,那你就调用我。
IMPORT __main ;IMPORT则表明后面标号所代表的函数是调用其它文件的
IMPORT SystemInit
LDR R0, =SystemInit ;复位子程序是系统上电后第一个执行的程序,调用 SystemInit 函数初始化系统时钟
BLX R0
LDR R0, =__main ;__main 是一个标准的 C 库函数,主要作用是初始化用户堆栈,并在函数的最后调用main 函数去到 C 的世界
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_15_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TSC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM15_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM16_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM17_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CEC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_15_IRQHandler
TSC_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
ADC1_COMP_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
TIM14_IRQHandler
TIM15_IRQHandler
TIM16_IRQHandler
TIM17_IRQHandler
I2C1_IRQHandler
I2C2_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
CEC_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB ;检查是否定义了__MICROLIB,如果定义了则条件成立。用户可以在配置软件中勾选。
;用户栈和堆初始化,由C库函数_main来完成
EXPORT __initial_sp ;栈顶地址
EXPORT __heap_base ;堆起始地址
EXPORT __heap_limit ;堆结束地址
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap ;用户自己来初始化堆栈
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END
;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****
其实32的启动文件都大同小异
先分配栈空间,这里是可读可写1KB,和8内存对齐
分配完栈指针在顶部,随着使用逐步往下走
然后分配了一个512k的堆
分配了一篇只读的空间,是我们的数据段,里面都是向量表
DCD是分配一个字的空间四个字节
复位子程序是系统上电后第一个执行的程序,调用 SystemInit 函数初始化系统时钟
;__main 是一个标准的 C 库函数,主要作用是初始化用户堆栈,并在函数的最后调用main 函数去到 C 的世界
这个微型C库我们一般都是勾选的