第三章 哈希表

Day06

242.有效的字母异位词

class Solution {
public:
    int fourSumCount(vector<int>& A, vector<int>& B, vector<int>& C, vector<int>& D) {
        unordered_map<int, int> umap; //key:a+b的数值，value:a+b数值出现的次数
        // 遍历大A和大B数组，统计两个数组元素之和，和出现的次数，放到map中
        for (int a : A) {
            for (int b : B) {
                umap[a + b]++;
            }
        }
        int count = 0; // 统计a+b+c+d = 0 出现的次数
        // 在遍历大C和大D数组，找到如果 0-(c+d) 在map中出现过的话，就把map中key对应的value也就是出现次数统计出来。
        for (int c : C) {
            for (int d : D) {
                if (umap.find(0 - (c + d)) != umap.end()) {
                    count += umap[0 - (c + d)];
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }
};

349. 两个数组的交集

int* intersection1(int* nums1, int nums1Size, int* nums2, int nums2Size, int* returnSize){

    int nums1Cnt[1000] = {0};
    int lessSize = nums1Size < nums2Size ? nums1Size : nums2Size;
    int * result = (int *) calloc(lessSize, sizeof(int));
    int resultIndex = 0;
    int* tempNums;
    
    int i;

    /* Calculate the number's counts for nums1 array */
    for(i = 0; i < nums1Size; i ++) {
        nums1Cnt[nums1[i]]++;
    }

    /* Check if the value in nums2 is existing in nums1 count array */
    for(i = 0; i < nums2Size; i ++) {
        if(nums1Cnt[nums2[i]] > 0) {
            result[resultIndex] = nums2[i];
            resultIndex ++;
            /* Clear this count to avoid duplicated value */
            nums1Cnt[nums2[i]] = 0;
        }
    }
    * returnSize = resultIndex;
    return result;
}

202. 快乐数

int get_sum(int n) {
    int sum = 0;
    div_t n_div = { .quot = n };
    while (n_div.quot != 0) {
        n_div = div(n_div.quot, 10);
        sum += n_div.rem * n_div.rem;
    }
    return sum;
}

// (版本1)使用数组
bool isHappy(int n) {
    // sum = a1^2 + a2^2 + ... ak^2
    // first round:
    // 1 <= k <= 10
    // 1 <= sum <= 1 + 81 * 9 = 730
    // second round:
    // 1 <= k <= 3
    // 1 <= sum <= 36 + 81 * 2 = 198
    // third round:
    // 1 <= sum <= 81 * 2 = 162
    // fourth round:
    // 1 <= sum <= 81 * 2 = 162

    uint8_t visited[163] = { 0 };
    int sum = get_sum(get_sum(n));
    int next_n = sum;

    while (next_n != 1) {
        sum = get_sum(next_n);

        if (visited[sum]) return false;

        visited[sum] = 1;
        next_n = sum;
    };

    return true;
}

// (版本2)使用快慢指针
bool isHappy(int n) {
    int slow = n;
    int fast = n;

    do {
        slow = get_sum(slow);
        fast = get_sum(get_sum(fast));
    } while (slow != fast);

    return (fast == 1);
}

1. 两数之和

/**
 * Note: The returned array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().
 */

// leetcode 支持 ut_hash 函式庫

 typedef struct {
     int key;
     int value;
     UT_hash_handle hh; // make this structure hashable
 } map;

map* hashMap = NULL;

 void hashMapAdd(int key, int value){
     map* s;
     // key already in the hash?
     HASH_FIND_INT(hashMap, &key, s);
     if(s == NULL){
         s = (map*)malloc(sizeof(map));
         s -> key = key;
         HASH_ADD_INT(hashMap, key, s);
     }
     s -> value = value;
 }

map* hashMapFind(int key){
     map* s;
     // *s: output pointer
     HASH_FIND_INT(hashMap, &key, s);   
     return s;
 }

 void hashMapCleanup(){
     map* cur, *tmp;
     HASH_ITER(hh, hashMap, cur, tmp){
         HASH_DEL(hashMap, cur);
         free(cur);
     }
 }

 void hashPrint(){
     map* s;
     for(s = hashMap; s != NULL; s=(map*)(s -> hh.next)){
         printf("key %d, value %d\n", s -> key, s -> value);
     }
 }

 
int* twoSum(int* nums, int numsSize, int target, int* returnSize){
    int i, *ans;
    // hash find result
    map* hashMapRes; 
    hashMap = NULL;
    ans = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);

    for(i = 0; i < numsSize; i++){
        // key 代表 nums[i] 的值，value 代表所在 index;
        hashMapAdd(nums[i], i);
    }

    hashPrint();

    for(i = 0; i < numsSize; i++){
        hashMapRes = hashMapFind(target - nums[i]);
        if(hashMapRes && hashMapRes -> value != i){
            ans[0] = i;
            ans[1] = hashMapRes -> value ;
            *returnSize = 2;
            return ans;
        }
    }
    
    hashMapCleanup();
    return NULL;
}

Day07

454.四数相加II

class Solution {
public:
    int fourSumCount(vector<int>& A, vector<int>& B, vector<int>& C, vector<int>& D) {
        unordered_map<int, int> umap; //key:a+b的数值，value:a+b数值出现的次数
        // 遍历大A和大B数组，统计两个数组元素之和，和出现的次数，放到map中
        for (int a : A) {
            for (int b : B) {
                umap[a + b]++;
            }
        }
        int count = 0; // 统计a+b+c+d = 0 出现的次数
        // 在遍历大C和大D数组，找到如果 0-(c+d) 在map中出现过的话，就把map中key对应的value也就是出现次数统计出来。
        for (int c : C) {
            for (int d : D) {
                if (umap.find(0 - (c + d)) != umap.end()) {
                    count += umap[0 - (c + d)];
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }
};

383. 赎金信

public bool CanConstruct(string ransomNote, string magazine) {
        if(ransomNote.Length > magazine.Length) return false;
        int[] letters = new int[26]; 
        foreach(char c in magazine){
            letters[c-'a']++;
        }
        foreach(char c in ransomNote){
            letters[c-'a']--;
            if(letters[c-'a']<0){
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

15. 三数之和

//qsort辅助cmp函数
int cmp(const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2) {
    return *((int*)ptr1) > *((int*)ptr2);
}

int** threeSum(int* nums, int numsSize, int* returnSize, int** returnColumnSizes) {
    //开辟ans数组空间
    int **ans = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * 18000);
    int ansTop = 0;
    //若传入nums数组大小小于3，则需要返回数组大小为0
    if(numsSize < 3) {
        *returnSize = 0;
        return ans;
    }
    //对nums数组进行排序
    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp);
    

    int i;
    //用for循环遍历数组，结束条件为i < numsSize - 2(因为要预留左右指针的位置)
    for(i = 0; i < numsSize - 2; i++) {
        //若当前i指向元素>0，则代表left和right以及i的和大于0。直接break
        if(nums[i] > 0)
            break;
        //去重：i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1]
        if(i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1])
            continue;
        //定义左指针和右指针
        int left = i + 1;
        int right = numsSize - 1;
        //当右指针比左指针大时进行循环
        while(right > left) {
            //求出三数之和
            int sum = nums[right] + nums[left] + nums[i];
            //若和小于0，则左指针+1（因为左指针右边的数比当前所指元素大）
            if(sum < 0)
                left++;
            //若和大于0，则将右指针-1
            else if(sum > 0)
                right--;
            //若和等于0
            else {
                //开辟一个大小为3的数组空间，存入nums[i], nums[left]和nums[right]
                int* arr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 3);
                arr[0] = nums[i];
                arr[1] = nums[left];
                arr[2] = nums[right];
                //将开辟数组存入ans中
                ans[ansTop++] = arr;
                //去重
                while(right > left && nums[right] == nums[right - 1])
                    right--;
                while(left < right && nums[left] == nums[left + 1])
                    left++;
                //更新左右指针
                left++;
                right--;
            }
        }
    }

    //设定返回的数组大小
    *returnSize = ansTop;
    *returnColumnSizes = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * ansTop);
    int z;
    for(z = 0; z < ansTop; z++) {
        (*returnColumnSizes)[z] = 3;
    }
    return ans;
}

18. 四数之和

public class Solution
{
    public IList<IList<int>> FourSum(int[] nums, int target)
    {
        var result = new List<IList<int>>();

        Array.Sort(nums);

        for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length - 3; i++)
        {
            int n1 = nums[i];
            if (i > 0 && n1 == nums[i - 1])
                continue;

            for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.Length - 2; j++)
            {
                int n2 = nums[j];
                if (j > i + 1 && n2 == nums[j - 1])
                    continue;

                int left = j + 1;
                int right = nums.Length - 1;

                while (left < right)
                {
                    int n3 = nums[left];
                    int n4 = nums[right];
                    int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4;

                    if (sum > target)
                    {
                        right--;
                    }
                    else if (sum < target)
                    {
                        left++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result.Add(new List<int> { n1, n2, n3, n4 });

                        while (left < right && nums[left] == n3)
                        {
                            left++;
                        }

                        while (left < right && nums[right] == n4)
                        {
                            right--;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}