JavaThread 08 线程状态观测&&线程优先级

4.1 线程状态观测&&线程优先级

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4.1.1 线程状态观测

• Thread.State

    线程状态。线程可以处于以下几种状态

• NEW ：尚未启动的线程处于此状态 （新生状态(创建状态)/就绪状态）
• RUNNABLE ：在 Java 虚拟机中 执行的 线程处于 此 状态。
• BLOCKED：被 “阻塞等待监视器” 锁定的线程 处于此状态。
• WAITING：正在等待另一个线程执行特定动作 的线程处于此状态。
• TIMED_WAITING：正在等待另一个线程执行动作达到指定等待时间的线程处于 此状态。
• TERMINATED：已退出的线程处于此状态。

语法格式：

线程对象.getState()；//就可以获取 这个线程当前的状态

Thread state 是 getState() 获取到的数据 的 类型！

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1.NEW 状态

package www.muquanyu.lesson03;

public class StateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for(int i = 0;i<10;++i)
            {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("");
            }
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

    }
}

2.RUNNABLE WAITING TERMINATED 状态

package www.muquanyu.lesson03;

public class StateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for(int i = 0;i<10;++i)
            {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("");
            }
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //启动线程
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //只要线程不终止
        while(state !=Thread.State.TERMINATED)
        {
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }



    }
}

输出结果：

NEW
RUNNABLE
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING

TERMINATED

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4.1.2 线程优先级

• Java 提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪装填的所有线程，线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行。

也就是说，Java 故意 模拟了一个类似于 CPU 调度器的东西。但是呢 ~ 实际上 最后 还是得 看 CPU 的调度。那为什么还要弄这样一个 线程调度器呢？


答：这是因为，即使 最后是CPU进行调度，但经过 Java 人为的先行处理，会让优先级高的 稍后进入就绪，这样CPU 在调度的时候，就会极大概率下 把 优先级高的最先调度。（记住，是大概率情况下！！！）

• 优先级设置 超过 10 和 小于 1 会报错。

        t5.setPriority(0);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(11);
        t6.start();

• 优先级 只能增大 优先的概率！

package www.muquanyu.lesson03;

//测试线程的优先级
public class PriorityDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriorityDemo MyPriority = new MyPriorityDemo();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(MyPriority);

//以下是错误的 代码堆积形式
        //设置优先级
        t1.start();
        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(6);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(8);
        t6.start();


    }
}

class MyPriorityDemo implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

    }
}

问题：由于 它们是在 主线程里启动子线程的，所以 运行代码的顺次步骤，也可能会对CPU调度的顺序进行 影响。（也就是说即使在没有进行优先级的设置情况下， 谁的 .start()代码 写在前面，谁就可能 先被调度。而且这种问题会影响到 设置优先级的概率！！！）

为了避免这种情况，我们一般 要保证 所有线程 的启动代码，都要根据设置的优先级顺次的堆积在一起来写！

package www.muquanyu.lesson03;

//测试线程的优先级
public class PriorityDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriorityDemo MyPriority = new MyPriorityDemo();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(MyPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(MyPriority);

        //设置优先级（正确的设置优先级方式）
        t2.setPriority(1);
        t3.setPriority(4);
        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t5.setPriority(6);
        t6.setPriority(8);
//正确的 线程方式（如果你设置了优先级，那么启动的顺序就按照 优先级的顺序来写！）
        t4.start();
        t6.start();
        t5.start();
        t1.start();
        t3.start();
        t2.start();


    }
}

class MyPriorityDemo implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

    }
}

上述这种方式，是在 设置优先级之后，最正确的 写法！！但是也保证不了 CPU 调度的情况一定按照优先级来走。

看到这张图了吗？线程 1 明显 比 明显 2 优先级低，可是 CPU 先调度的 线程 1！！