Dart入门

Dart 基础

最近在学移动应用开发的，为了使用Flutter框架先学一些Dart的基础。dart的写法是结合js和java的，因此后面只给出了一些dart语言的特殊写法及案例。

前言

谷歌推出Flutter跨平台UI框架后，对移动端开发产生了新的影响，Flutter采用了Dart语言开发。Dart语法结合Java和javaScript语法特点，可以让有基础的程序员快速上手。

变量声明

允许变量为null

String? number; 

不允许变量为null(在对该变量赋值之前无法使用该变量)

late String number; 
number = "123";

变量类型转换

void main() {
  var one = int.parse("1");
  assert(one == 1); // 用于检查是否正确

  var onePointOne = double.parse("1.1");
  assert(onePointOne == 1.1);

  String oneAsString = one.toString();
  assert(oneAsString == "1");

  String piAsString = 3.1415926.toStringAsFixed(2);
  assert(piAsString == "3.14");
}

数组

利用类似于Python的列表推导

var listOfInts = [1,2,3];
var listOfStrings = ["#0", for(var i in listOfInts) if (i != 2) "#$i"];
print(listOfStrings);

Set集合

void test() {
  var listOfInts = [1,2,3];
  var listOfStrings = ["#0", "#0", for(var i in listOfInts) if (i != 2) "#$i"];
  var names = <String>{};
  names.add(1.toString());
  names.addAll(listOfStrings);
  print(names);
  print(names.length);
}

output

{1, #0, #1, #3}
4

Maps

字面量创建map

void test() {
  var gifts = {
    "first": 1,
    "second": "2",
  };
  print(gifts);
}

使用Map的构造器创建Map

void test() {
  var gifts = Map<String, String>();
  gifts["first"] = "1";
  gifts["second"] = "2";
  print(gifts);
}

各种循环

void test() {
  var gifts = Map<String, String>();
  gifts["first"] = "1";
  gifts["second"] = "2";
  gifts.forEach((key, value) => print("das"));
  const list = ["apples", "bananas", "oranges"];
  list.forEach((element) => print(element));

  for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++){
    print(list[i]);
  }
  for (var element in list) {
    print(element);
  }
}

错误抛出

void test() {
  throw FormatException("抛出错误");
}

void test() {
  const list = [1,2,3];
  try {
    print(list[3]);
  } catch (e) {
    print("Error: $e");
  } finally {
    print("finally");
  }
}

类

class Point {
  double? x, y;
  Point(double x, double y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }
  get X { return this.x! + 1.1; }
  String GetDiction () {
    return this.X.toString() + "===>" + this.y.toString();
  }
}
void test() {
  var p1 = new Point(1.1, 2.2);
  var dir = p1.GetDiction();
  print(dir);
}

函数

将参数放入[]中标记参数可选, 同时可以设置参数的默认值

String say(String name,  [int? age,String message = "dsadas"]) {
  assert(name != "");
  if (message == null) {
    return "未输入内容";
  }
  return "name : ${name} age : ${age} say : ${message}";
}
void test() {
  const person = "Ywh";
  print(say(person, 16));
}

匿名函数

void test() {
  int Function(int a,int b) Add = (int a, b) => a + b;
  print(Add(1,2));
}

泛型

T First<T>(List<T> a) {
  assert(a.length > 0);
  return a[0];
}
void test() {
  const names = ["1", "2"];
  print(First(names));
}

参考

• 中文文档
• w3cschool