第一章 简介开发环境

第一章 简介开发环境

1.java如何实现跨平台？

Java编译器和Java虚拟机 是实现Java程序可以跨平台运行的重要因素

Java编译器

在源程序编写结束后执行编译命令，会将源代码送到Java编译器中，Java编译器仅仅将源代码编译成.class文件。class文件是Java字节码文件，本质上是一种标准化的可移植的二进制格式。它不面向任何特定的处理器，只面向Java虚拟机。

Java虚拟机

Java虚拟机通过解释器——即时编译器，将Java字节码转换成可以直接发送给处理器指令的程序。

将源代码编译成标准化二进制格式的字节码，这个字节码在所有平台都是一样的。之后基于不同的平台采用不同的即时编译器，将字节码转换成满足不同平台需求的代码程序。

2.了解jdk、jvm、jre区别？

• JDK开发工具包
  • JRE(运行环境)运行时类库
    • JVM(java虚拟机)

3.掌握java 1.8 LTS开发环境配置

• 下载安装jdk1.8
• 配置开发环境(环境变量)
  • JAVA_HOME新建
    C:\program Files\Java\jdk1.8 .0_221
  • ​ CLASSPATH新建 .;%JAVA_HOME%\lib;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;
  • Path编辑
    .;%JAVA_HOME%\bin
    (简化配置，不推荐—不配置JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH)

4.掌握jdk 17 LTS开发环境配置

a.解压jak-17_windows-x64_bin.zip
b.配置开发环境(环境变量)-同jdk1.8

5.掌握IDEA开发工具使用

Intellij IDEA IDE

第一步：jetbrains.com 官方下载idea 2023.3.2.zip

第二步：3.jetbra.in

第三步：编辑ij/bin/idea64.exe.vmoptions文件，最后添加如下

-javaagent:d:/soft/ij/jetbra/ja-netfilter.jar

第四步：执行ij/jebra/scripts/install-allusers.vbs

第五步：启动ij/bin/idea64.exe

第六步：启动程序选择激活，复制
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lKyb4KcvGvwUaa43fWLem2hyI4di2pZdr3fcYJ3xvL5ejL3m14bKsfoOv

IDEA 安装插件

1. Chinese
2. Translation
3. Atom Material lcons
4. Cyan Light Theme
5. Gitee
6. Grep Console

6.其他

• 测试java开发环境

C:\Users\ASUS>java
C:\Users\ASUS>java -version

• HelloWorld.java程序开发编译，并运行测试

  class H{
       public static void main(String...a){
           System.out.println("hello world");
    }
  }
  

  创建记事本notepad,保存H.java

  C:\Users\ASUS>cd desktop
  C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop>cd java
  C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\java>javac H.java
  C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\java>java H
  

• 如果运行有中文乱码

a.记事本另存文件编码格式为ANSI
b.如果使用utf-8,java -Dfile.encoding=utf-8 Demo.java 直接运行解决乱码
c.如果使用utf-8,javac Demo.java -encoding utf-8,再运行 java Demo 就没有乱码

public class Chin_garbledcode {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.version"));
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name"));
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.home"));
        System.out.println("中文案例");
    }
}

jdk9以后没有jre

如下命令建立jre程序目录

bin\jlink --module-path jmods --add-modules java.desktop,java.base--outputjre