ARM 学习知识点梳理

学习内容:

  1. 什么是ARM
  2. 常用的汇编语言
  3. 裸机开发

什么是ARM

ARM处理器    外文名   Advanced RISC Machines

ARM处理器ARM处理器是英国Acorn有限公司设计的低功耗成本的第一款RISC微处理器。全称为Advanced RISC Machine。ARM处理器本身是32位设计,但也配备16位指令集,一般来讲比等价32位代码节省达35%,却能保留32位系统的所有优势。

定义

ARM的Jazelle技术使Java加速得到比基于软件的Java虚拟机(JVM)高得多的性能,和同等的非Java加速核相比功耗降低80%。CPU功能上增加DSP指令集提供增强的16位和32位算术运算能力,提高了性能和灵活性。ARM还提供两个前沿特性来辅助带深嵌入处理器的高集成SoC器件的调试,它们是嵌入式ICE-RT逻辑和嵌入式跟踪宏核(ETMS)系列。

 特点介绍

ARM处理器的三大特点是:耗电少功能强、16位/32位双指令集和合作伙伴众多。

1、体积小、低功耗、低成本、高性能;

2、支持Thumb(16位)/ARM(32位)双指令集,能很好的兼容8位/16位器件;

3、大量使用寄存器,指令执行速度更快;

4、大多数数据操作都在寄存器中完成;

5、寻址方式灵活简单,执行效率

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学习ARM汇编指令的经典资料。 对ARM的各种汇编指令进行了深入全面的讲解,并给出了各种示例和详细注解,并且还对一些值得注意的点或是容易犯错误的地方进行了总结。 目录 前言................................................................................................................................................................i 目录................................................................................................................................................................I ARM7TDMI(-S)指令集及汇编....................................................................................................................1 ARM处理器寻址方式..........................................................................................................................2 寄存器寻址....................................................................................................................................2 立即寻址........................................................................................................................................2 寄存器偏移寻址............................................................................................................................2 寄存器间接寻址............................................................................................................................3 基址寻址........................................................................................................................................3 多寄存器寻址................................................................................................................................4 堆栈寻址........................................................................................................................................4 块拷贝寻址....................................................................................................................................5 相对寻址........................................................................................................................................5 指令集介绍............................................................................................................................................7 ARM指令集..................................................................................................................................7 指令格式................................................................................................................................7 第2个操作数................................................................................................................7 #immed_8r...........................................................................................................7 Rm..........................................................................................................................8 Rm,shift..................................................................................................................8 条件码............................................................................................................................9 ARM存储器访问指令........................................................................................................11   LDR和STR........................................................................................................11   LDM和STM.......................................................................................................14   SWP.....................................................................................................................17 ARM数据处理指令............................................................................................................19 数据传送指令..............................................................................................................20   MOV............................................................................................................20   MVN............................................................................................................20 算术逻辑运算指令......................................................................................................20   ADD.............................................................................................................20   SUB..............................................................................................................21   RSB..............................................................................................................21   ADC.............................................................................................................21   SBC..............................................................................................................21   RSC..............................................................................................................22   AND.............................................................................................................22   ORR..............................................................................................................22   EOR..............................................................................................................22   BIC...............................................................................................................23 比较指令......................................................................................................................23   CMP.............................................................................................................23   CMN.............................................................................................................23   TST...............................................................................................................24   TEQ..............................................................................................................24 乘法指令......................................................................................................................25   MUL.............................................................................................................25   MLA.............................................................................................................25   UMULL........................................................................................................25   UMLAL........................................................................................................26   SMULL........................................................................................................26   SMLAL........................................................................................................26 ARM跳转指令....................................................................................................................27   B...........................................................................................................................27   BL.........................................................................................................................27   BX........................................................................................................................27 ARM协处理器指令............................................................................................................28   CDP......................................................................................................................28   LDC......................................................................................................................29   STC......................................................................................................................29   MCR.....................................................................................................................30   MRC.....................................................................................................................30 ARM杂项指令....................................................................................................................31   SWI......................................................................................................................31   MRS.....................................................................................................................32   MSR.....................................................................................................................33 ARM伪指令........................................................................................................................34   ADR.....................................................................................................................35   ADRL...................................................................................................................35   LDR......................................................................................................................36   NOP......................................................................................................................37 Thumb指令集.............................................................................................................................39 Thumb指令集与ARM指令集的区别..............................................................................39 Thumb存储器访问指令.....................................................................................................40   LDR和STR........................................................................................................41   PUSH和POP......................................................................................................43   LDMIA和STMIA..............................................................................................43 Thumb数据处理指令.........................................................................................................45 数据传送指令..............................................................................................................46   MOV............................................................................................................46   MVN............................................................................................................46   NEG..............................................................................................................47 算术逻辑运算指令......................................................................................................47   ADD.............................................................................................................47   SUB..............................................................................................................48   ADC.............................................................................................................49   SBC..............................................................................................................49   MUL.............................................................................................................50   AND.............................................................................................................50   ORR..............................................................................................................50   EOR..............................................................................................................51   BIC...............................................................................................................51   ASR..............................................................................................................51   LSL...............................................................................................................52   LSR..............................................................................................................52   ROR..............................................................................................................53 比较指令......................................................................................................................53   CMP.............................................................................................................53   CMN.............................................................................................................54   TST...............................................................................................................54 Thumb跳转指令.........................................................................................................55   B...................................................................................................................55   BL.................................................................................................................55   BX................................................................................................................55 Thumb杂项指令.........................................................................................................56   SWI..............................................................................................................56 Thumb伪指令.............................................................................................................57   ADR.............................................................................................................57   LDR..............................................................................................................57   NOP..............................................................................................................58 伪指令..................................................................................................................................................59 符号定义伪指令..........................................................................................................................59   GBLA、GBLL、GBLS..............................................................................................59   LCLA、LCLL、LCLS................................................................................................60   SETA、SETL、SETS.................................................................................................61   RLIST...........................................................................................................................61   CN................................................................................................................................62   CP.................................................................................................................................62   DN、SN.......................................................................................................................62   FN.................................................................................................................................63 数据定义伪指令..........................................................................................................................63   LTORG.........................................................................................................................64   MAP.............................................................................................................................64   FIELD..........................................................................................................................65   SPACE..........................................................................................................................66   DCB.............................................................................................................................66   DCD和DCDU............................................................................................................67   DCDO..........................................................................................................................67   DCFD和DCFDU........................................................................................................68   DCFS和DCFSU.........................................................................................................68   DCI...............................................................................................................................69   DCQ和DCQU............................................................................................................69   DCW和DCWU..........................................................................................................70 报告伪指令..................................................................................................................................70   ASSERT.......................................................................................................................70   INFO............................................................................................................................71   OPT..............................................................................................................................71   TTL和SUBT..............................................................................................................72 汇编控制伪指令..........................................................................................................................73   IF、ELSE和ENDIF...................................................................................................73   MACRO和MEND.....................................................................................................74   WHIL和WEND.........................................................................................................75 杂项伪指令..................................................................................................................................76   ALIGN.........................................................................................................................77   AREA...........................................................................................................................78   CODE16和CODE32..................................................................................................79   END.............................................................................................................................80   ENTRY.........................................................................................................................80   EQU.............................................................................................................................81   EXPORT和GLOBAL................................................................................................81   IMPORT和EXTERN.................................................................................................82   GET和INCLUDE......................................................................................................83   INCBIN........................................................................................................................83   KEEP............................................................................................................................83   NOFP...........................................................................................................................84   REQUIRE....................................................................................................................84   PEQUIRE8和PRESERVE8.......................................................................................84   RN................................................................................................................................84   ROUT...........................................................................................................................85 ARM伪指令................................................................................................................................86   ADR.............................................................................................................................86   ADRL...........................................................................................................................86   LDR..............................................................................................................................86   NOP..............................................................................................................................86   LDFD...........................................................................................................................86   LDFS............................................................................................................................87 Thumb伪指令.............................................................................................................................87   ADR.............................................................................................................................87   LDR..............................................................................................................................87   NOP..............................................................................................................................88 ARM汇编程序设计............................................................................................................................88 文件格式......................................................................................................................................88 ARM汇编的一些规范................................................................................................................88 汇编语句格式......................................................................................................................88 标号......................................................................................................................................89   基于PC的标号...................................................................................................89   基于寄存器的标号..............................................................................................90   绝对地址..............................................................................................................90 局部标号..............................................................................................................................90 符号......................................................................................................................................91 常量......................................................................................................................................91   数字常数..............................................................................................................91   字符常量..............................................................................................................92   布尔常量..............................................................................................................92 段定义..................................................................................................................................92 宏定义及其作用..................................................................................................................93 子程序的调用..............................................................................................................................94 数据比较跳转..............................................................................................................................95 循环..............................................................................................................................................95 数据块复制..................................................................................................................................95 栈操作..........................................................................................................................................96 特殊寄存器定义及应用..............................................................................................................96 散转功能......................................................................................................................................97 查表操作......................................................................................................................................97 长跳转..........................................................................................................................................97 对信号量的支持..........................................................................................................................98 伪指令使用..................................................................................................................................98 一个完整的例子..........................................................................................................................98 外围部件控制..............................................................................................................................99 三级流水线介绍..........................................................................................................................99 C与汇编混合编程............................................................................................................................100 内嵌汇编....................................................................................................................................100 内嵌汇编的指令用法........................................................................................................103 内嵌汇编器与armasm汇编器的差异.............................................................................104 内嵌汇编注意事项............................................................................................................104 访问全局变量............................................................................................................................106 C与汇编相互调用....................................................................................................................107 寄存器的使用规则............................................................................................................108 堆栈使用规则....................................................................................................................108 参数传递规则....................................................................................................................109 C程序调用汇编程序........................................................................................................110 汇编程序调用C程序.......................................................................................................111 ARM指令集列表..............................................................................................................................113 ARM存储器访问指令表列表..................................................................................................113 ARM数据处理指令列表..........................................................................................................114 ARM乘法指令列表..................................................................................................................115 ARM跳转指令列表..................................................................................................................116 ARM协处理器指令列表..........................................................................................................117 ARM杂项指令列表..................................................................................................................118 ARM伪指令列表......................................................................................................................119 Thumb指令集列表...........................................................................................................................120 Thumb存储器访问指令列表...................................................................................................120 Thumb数据处理指令列表.......................................................................................................121 Thumb跳转指令及软中断指令列表.......................................................................................122 Thumb伪指令列表...................................................................................................................123 汇编预定义变量及伪指令................................................................................................................124 预定义的寄存器和协处理器名................................................................................................124 通用寄存器........................................................................................................................124 程序状态寄存器................................................................................................................124 浮点数寄存器....................................................................................................................124 协处理器及协处理器寄存器............................................................................................125 内置变量列表............................................................................................................................125 伪指令列表................................................................................................................................126 指令条件码列表........................................................................................................................128 CPSR和SPSR分配图.............................................................................................................................129

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