用SpringBoot编写第一个web网站实现CRUD
前言
环境：IDEA、Tomcat9、springboot、Map模拟数据库
项目结构：
实现的功能：
CRUD、国际化、拦截器、订制网页图标、Thymeleaf、注销等
运行示例：
前期工作准备：
用IDEA创建一个springBoot项目
项目需要用到的依赖
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.6</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.zkb</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringBoot-03-web</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringBoot-03-web</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Thymeleaf-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.properties
#设置日期格式
spring.mvc.format.date=yyyy-MM-dd
#关闭模板引擎的缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
#国际化 我们的配置文件真实的存放位置
spring.messages.basename=i18n.login
搭建好项目骨架：
一般用到config、controller、pojo、dao、service
resources下的
i18n : 国际化
public : 实现网页的图标订制
static ： 放置静态资源 如css，js,img的样式等
template:模板 放置你编写的html网页
一、写POJO层，两个实体类
写一个部门表和一个员工表，员工有所属的部门
Department
用了lombok注解
package com.zkb.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
//部门表
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String departmentName;
}
Employee
package com.zkb.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.Date;
//员工表
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Integer gender;//0:女 1：男
private Department department;
private Date birth;
}
二、写Dao层，用Map模拟数据库
DepartmentDao
package com.zkb.dao;
import com.zkb.pojo.Department;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
//部门dao
@Repository //对应dao层，将类标识为bean，交给spring托管
public class DepartmentDao {
//模拟数据库中的数据
private static Map<Integer, Department> departments=null;
static {//当一个类初始化的时候，首先加载static
departments=new HashMap<Integer,Department>();//创建了一个部门表
departments.put(101,new Department(101,"教学部"));
departments.put(102,new Department(102,"市场部"));
departments.put(103,new Department(103,"教研部"));
departments.put(104,new Department(104,"运营部"));
departments.put(105,new Department(105,"后勤部"));
}
//获得所有部门信息
public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){//Collection容器
return departments.values();
}
//通过id得到部门
public Department getDepartmentById(Integer id){
return departments.get(id);
}
}
EmployeeDao
package com.zkb.dao;
import com.zkb.pojo.Department;
import com.zkb.pojo.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
//员工Dao
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
//模拟数据库中的数据
private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees=null;
//员工有所属的部门
@Autowired //@Autowired注释的作用是让spring完成bean自动装配的工作
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
static {
employees = new HashMap<Integer,Employee>();
employees.put(1001,new Employee(1001,"AA","7399186S4@qq.com",0,new Department(101,"教学部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1002,new Employee(1002,"BB","739918DA4@qq.com",1,new Department(102,"市场部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1003,new Employee(1003,"CC","73991WDS4@qq.com",0,new Department(103,"教研部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1004,new Employee(1004,"DD","7399WRFD4@qq.com",1,new Department(104,"运营部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1005,new Employee(1005,"EE","739ADWSV4@qq.com",0,new Department(105,"后勤部"),new Date()));
}
//主键自增
private static Integer initId=1006;
//增加一个员工
public void save(Employee employee){
if (employee.getId()==null){
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartmentById(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
employees.put(employee.getId(),employee);
}
//查询全部员工
public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
return employees.values();
}
//通过Id查询员工
public Employee getEmployeeById(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}
//通过ID删除员工
public void delete(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}
三、添加视图控制，写Config层
MyMvcConfig 作用是登录之后跳转到首页
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import java.util.Locale;
//如果你想diy一些定制化的功能，只需要写这个组件 然后将它交给springboot，springboot就会帮我们自动装配
//用这个类全面扩展spingmvc
//如果我们要扩展springmvc 官方建议我们这样做
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
}
index.html thymeleaf模板的应用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link th:href="@{/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" th:action="@{/user/login}">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<!--如果msg的值为空，则不显示消息-->
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
<input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me" th:text="#{login.remember}">
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2021-2022</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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一些静态资源，此处不再编写，有需要可以私信我
四、国际化（中英文切换）
在resources 下 创建i18n文件
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login.properties
login.btn=登录
login.password=密码
login.remember=记住我
login.tip=请登录
login.username=用户名
login_zh_CN.properties
login.btn=登录
login.password=密码
login.remember=记住我
login.tip=请登录
login.username=用户名
login_en_US.properties
login.btn=Sign in
login.password=Password
login.remember=Remember me
login.tip=Please sign in
login.username=Username
在Config层编写
MyLocaleResolver 语言解析
package com.zkb.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Locale;
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
//解析请求
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
//获取请求中的语言参数
String language = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();//如果没有就使用默认的
//如果请求的链接携带了国际化的参数
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(language)){
String[] split = language.split("_");
//国家 地区
locale= new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
}
}
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
五、首页图标订制
非常简单 只需要找一张自己的图标然后把名字改为favicon.ico 然后拷贝到resources下的public（没有就创建一个）下即可
实现结果就是这样纸~
六、登录功能实现
LoginController
package com.zkb.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.thymeleaf.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller //控制器Controller 负责处理由DispatcherServlet 分发的请求，它把用户请求的数据经过业务处理层处理之后封装成一个Model ，然后再把该Model 返回给对应的View 进行展示。
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/user/login")
public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password")String password,
Model model, HttpSession session){
//具体的业务
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(password)){//一个简单实现，登录的时候账号不空，密码为123456即可登录成功！
session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
return "redirect:/main.html"; //注意，这个重定向到main.html是我在Config层定义好的，会自动跳转到dashbord.html
}else{
//登录失败
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名或者密码错误！");
return "index";
}
}
//注销功能
@RequestMapping("/user/logout")
public String logout(HttpSession session){
session.invalidate();
return "redirect:/index.html";
}
}
七、拦截器
显然，我们不需要登录直接访问localhost:8080/main.html也可以访问，这当然不可以，因此我们编写一个LoginHandlerInterceptor登录拦截器卸载config层即
登录成功存入session中
LoginHandlerInterceptor
package com.zkb.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//登录成功之后要有用户的Session
Object loginUser = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if (loginUser==null){
request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限，请先登录！");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
}
完善MyMvcConfig
MyMvcConfig
package com.zkb.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import java.util.Locale;
//如果你想diy一些定制化的功能，只需要写这个组件 然后将它交给springboot，springboot就会帮我们自动装配
//用这个类全面扩展spingmvc
//如果我们要扩展springmvc 官方建议我们这样做
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//自定义的国际化组件就生效了！
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login","/css/**","/js/**","/img/**");//作用是拦截所有的 除了 exckudePathPatterns下的不拦截
}
}
八、实现CRUD
list.html
<body>
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::topbar}"></div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::sidebar(active='list.html')}"></div>
<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
<h2><a class="btn btn-sm btn-success" th:href="@{/emp}">添加员工</a></h2>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped table-sm">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>gender</th>
<th>department</th>
<th>birth</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.getId()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getLastName()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getEmail()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getGender()==0?'女':'男'}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getDepartment().getDepartmentName()}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.getBirth(),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.getId()}">编辑</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" th:href="@{/delemp/}+${emp.getId()}">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</body>
add.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- saved from url=(0052)http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/ -->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link th:href="@{/css/dashboard.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::topbar}"></div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::sidebar(active='list.html')}"></div>
<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
<!--添加员工按钮-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<lable>LastName</lable>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="lastName">
</div>
<div class=form-group>
<lable>Email</lable>
<input type="email" class="form-control" name="email">
</div>
<div class=form-group>
<lable>Gender</lable>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<lable class=form-check-label>男</lable>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<lable class=form-check-label>女</lable>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:each="dept:${departments}" th:text="${dept.getDepartmentName()}" th:value="${dept.getId()}">
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="birth" placeholder="2020/5/22">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
update.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- saved from url=(0052)http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/ -->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link th:href="@{/css/dashboard.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::topbar}"></div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::sidebar(active='list.html')}"></div>
<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
<!--添加员工按钮-->
<form th:action="@{/updateEmp}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${emp.getId()}">
<div class="form-group">
<lable>LastName</lable>
<input th:value="${emp.getLastName()}" type="text" class="form-control" name="lastName">
</div>
<div class=form-group>
<lable>Email</lable>
<input th:value="${emp.getEmail()}" type="email" class="form-control" name="email">
</div>
<div class=form-group>
<lable>Gender</lable>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input th:checked="${emp.getGender()==1}" class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<lable class=form-check-label>男</lable>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input th:checked="${emp.getGender()==0}" class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<lable class=form-check-label>女</lable>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${dept.getId()==emp.getDepartment().getId()}" th:each="dept:${departments}" th:text="${dept.getDepartmentName()}" th:value="${dept.getId()}">
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input th:value="${#dates.format(emp.getBirth(),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" type="text" class="form-control" name="birth" placeholder="2020/5/22">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">修改</button>
</form>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
EmployeeController
package com.zkb.controller;
import com.zkb.dao.DepartmentDao;
import com.zkb.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.zkb.pojo.Department;
import com.zkb.pojo.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.Collection;
@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
EmployeeDao employeeDao;
@Autowired
DepartmentDao departmentDao;
@RequestMapping("/employee")
public String list(Model model){
Collection<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("emps",employees);
return "emp/list";
}
@GetMapping ("/emp")
public String toAddpage(Model model){
//查出所有部门的信息
Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
model.addAttribute("departments",departments);
return "emp/add";
}
@PostMapping("/emp")
public String addEmp(Employee employee){
System.out.println("save=>"+employee);
employeeDao.save(employee);//保存员工信息
return "redirect:/employee";
}
//跳转到员工的修改页面
@GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
public String toUpdateEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,Model model){
//首先查出原来的数据
Employee employeeById = employeeDao.getEmployeeById(id);
//查出所有部门的信息
Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
model.addAttribute("departments",departments);
model.addAttribute("emp",employeeById);
return "emp/update";
}
@PostMapping("/updateEmp")
public String updateEmp(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
//删除员工
@GetMapping("/delemp/{id}")
public String deleteEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
employeeDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/employee";
}
}
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