静态路由基本实验

 

分析一下题议，必须将网段192.168.1.0/24，往后借三位，划分为八个网段。

R1:

[R1]int LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int LoopBack 1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R1-LoopBack1]q

[R1]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

R2:

[R2]int LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int LoopBack 1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R2-LoopBack1]q

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
 

R3:

[R3]int LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R3-LoopBack0]int LoopBack 1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R3-LoopBack1]q

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
 

R4需要配置6个接口ip

R4:

[R4]int LoopBack 0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int LoopBack 1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R4-LoopBack1]q

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
 

R5:

[R5]int LoopBack 0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.1 24

[R5-LoopBack0]q

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

 第三步:要想R1-R4直接到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,并且不能直接编写但依然访问，我们可以用

缺省路由 --- 一条不限定目标的路由条目。查表时，若所有路由条目均无法匹配时将匹配
缺省路由
操作如下   蓝色代表任一ip地址，红色代表下一跳。

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
 

第四步，要想实现全网可达，我们需要对每个路由器配置静态路由

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8  30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
 

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4  30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12  30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
 

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0  30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
 

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0  30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4  30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
 

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.1

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
 

避免环路问题：

环路问题的解决方法就是在黑洞路由器上配置一条指向汇总网段的空接口路由

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null 0
 

第五步：R5和R4正常通信走1000M链路，故障时用100M、

在这里我们可以用浮动静态路由，通过改变优先级的方式，实现静态路由备份。所以我们可以将下面一条路100M的优先级调到61，原因是数值越小，优先级越大，所以当正常的时候我们走1000M链路（1000M链路的优先级是60），出现故障时再用备份。

实现如下

先对R4向R5的通信方式做一个备份

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

再对R5向R4的通信做备份

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
 

当正常的时候:此时是优先级为60的在active，而备份的inactive，也就是走的1000M链路

 

当我们把上面一条路关闭：

 

 

次数工作的是下面100M的链路。