JSTL和Filter

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-11 15:44:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-07-11 15:44:23 发布

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分类专栏： javaweb 文章标签：服务器 java-ee java

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JSTL
Apache Tomcat安装JSTL 库步骤如下：
从Apache的标准标签库中下载的二进包(jakarta-taglibs-standard-current.zip)。
官方下载地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/jakarta/taglibs/standard/binaries/
本站下载地址：jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip
下载 jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip 包并解压，将 jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2/lib/ 下的两个 jar 文件：standard.jar 和 jstl.jar 文件拷贝到 /WEB-INF/lib/ 下。
将 tld 下的需要引入的 tld 文件复制到 WEB-INF 目录下。
接下来我们在 web.xml 文件中添加以下配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <jsp-config>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt-rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt-rt.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core-rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c-rt.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql-rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql-rt.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/x</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/x-rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x-rt.tld</taglib-location>
    </taglib>
    </jsp-config>
</web-app>

核心标签是最常用的 JSTL标签。引用核心标签库的语法如下：

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<c:out> 用于在JSP中显示数据，就像<%= … >
<c:set> 用于保存数据
<c:remove> 用于删除数据
<c:catch> 用来处理产生错误的异常状况，并且将错误信息储存起来
<c:if> 与我们在一般程序中用的if一样
<c:choose> 本身只当做<c:when>和<c:otherwise>的父标签
<c:when> <c:choose>的子标签，用来判断条件是否成立
<c:choose>的子标签，接在<c:when>标签后，当<c:when>标签判断为false时被执行
<c:import> 检索一个绝对或相对 URL，然后将其内容暴露给页面
<c:forEach> 基础迭代标签，接受多种集合类型
<c:forTokens> 根据指定的分隔符来分隔内容并迭代输出
<c:param> 用来给包含或重定向的页面传递参数
<c:redirect> 重定向至一个新的URL.
<c:url> 使用可选的查询参数来创造一个URL

<c:if>例子

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--request.setAttribute("key",1); --%>
<c:set var="key" value="1" scope="request" property="key1"></c:set>
${requestScope.key}
<c:if test="${key==2}">
</c:if>
</body>
</html>

<c:url>例子

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

使用绝对路径：<br/>
<c:url var="absoulate" value="http://localhost:8080/chapter07/login.html">
<c:param name="username" value="刘杰"></c:param>
<c:param name="country" value="中国"></c:param>
</c:url>
<a href="${absoulateURL}">绝对路径登录页面</a>
<hr/>
使用相对路径：<br/>
<c:url var="risistURL" value="login.html?username=刘杰&country=中国"></c:url>
<a href="${risistURL }">相对路径登录页面</a>
</body>
</html>

<c:choose>例子

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:choose>
<%--if() --%>
  <c:when test="${empty param.username }">
   未知用户 2020080605004黄满
  </c:when>
  <%--ifelse() --%>
  <c:when test="${param.username=='dashuju' }">
  ${param.username} is boss
  </c:when>
  <%--else() --%>
  <c:otherwise>
  ${param.username} is worker
  </c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>

<c:forEach>例子

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
String[] fruits={"apple","orange","grape","banana"};
request.setAttribute("ff", fruits);
%>
String数组中的元素
</br>
<c:forEach var="yy" items="${ff}">
${yy}</br>
</c:forEach>
<%
Map userMap=new HashMap();
userMap.put("tom","123");
userMap.put("make","123");
userMap.put("lina","123");
request.setArribute("map",userMap);
%>
<hr/>
hashMap集合中的元素
<br/>
<c:forEach var="m" items="${map}">
key:${m.key}------value:${m.value}<br/>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

Filter过滤器

过滤器实际上就是对web资源进行拦截，做一些处理后再交给下一个过滤器或servlet处理
通常都是用来拦截request进行处理的，也可以对返回的response进行拦截处理
大概流程图如下在这里插入图片描述
其实，filter过滤器就是实现了一个javax.servlet.filter接口的类

package cn.itacst.chapter08.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class MyFilter
 */
@WebFilter("/MyFilter")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public MyFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// place your code here
         response.setContentType("test/html;charset=utf-8");
         response.getWriter().print("进入filter");
		// pass the request along the filter chain
		String name=request.getParameter("name");
		System.out.println(name);
		if("dashuju".equals(name)) {
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
		response.getWriter().print("退出filter");
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

Filter映射

package cn.itacst.chapter08.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class forwordFilter
 */
@WebFilter("/first.jsp")
public class forwordFilter implements Filter {

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public forwordFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// place your code here
         System.out.println("进入forwordfilter");
		// pass the request along the filter chain
		//chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

Filter链

package cn.itacst.chapter08.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class myFilter01
 */
@WebFilter("/Myservlet")
public class myFilter01 implements Filter {

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public myFilter01() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// place your code here
       response.getWriter().print("hello myfilter1 beforer");
		// pass the request along the filter chain
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		response.getWriter().print("hello myilter1 after");
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

package cn.itacst.chapter08.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class myFilter02
 */
@WebFilter("/Myservlet")
public class myFilter02 implements Filter {

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public myFilter02() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// place your code here
		response.getWriter().print("hello myfilter2 beforer");
		// pass the request along the filter chain
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		response.getWriter().print("hello myilter2 after");
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

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JSTL和Filter

JSTLApache Tomcat安装JSTL 库步骤如下：从Apache的标准标签库中下载的二进包(jakarta-taglibs-standard-current.zip)。官方下载地址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/jakarta/taglibs/standard/binaries/本站下载地址：jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip下载 jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2.zip 包并解压，将 jaka
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