DI依赖注入环境

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已于 2023-05-17 20:25:50 修改

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： spring

于 2023-05-15 20:20:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53374893/article/details/130682188

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1.构造器注入

上一章节已经说过了：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<!-- 有参构造的注入   -->
<!-- 第一种方式： 下标赋值  -->
<!--    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User">-->
<!--        <constructor-arg index="0" value="基基基基基基"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

<!-- 第二种方式：类型赋值，最好别用   -->
<!--    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User">-->
<!--        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="鸡哥"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->
    <bean id="userT" class="com.kuang.pojo.User"/>
<!--  第三种方式:直接通过参数名来设置  -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User">
            <constructor-arg name="name" value="鸡哥"/>
        </bean>
<alias name="user" alias="sada"/>

</beans>

2.通过set方式注入【重点】

p对属性 c对构造器。。。

依赖注入：Set注入！

依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器！
注入：bean对象中的所有属性，由容器来注入！

【环境搭建】

1.复杂类型

package com.kuang.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2 真实对象

package com.kuang.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

1.3 beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
<!-- 第一种方式 ：普通值注入，value   -->
    <property name="name" value="基基"/>
</bean>
      
</beans>

DI是实现控制反转的一种设计模式，依赖注入就是将实例变量传入到一个对象中去

1.4测试类

package mytest;

import com.kuang.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

完善注入信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="广西省"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
<!-- 第一种方式 ：普通值注入，value   -->
        <property name="name" value="基基"/>
<!--  第二种方式 : Bean注入， ref      -->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--  数组注入      -->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
            </array>
        </property>
<!--   集合注入     -->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>敲代码</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
            </list>
        </property>
<!--   Map注入     -->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="21312312312131"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="42121312321312123"/>
            </map>
        </property>
<!--    Set注入    -->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>COC</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
            </set>
        </property>
<!--    null注入    -->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

<!--   Properties类注入     -->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="driver">com.mysql.jdbc</prop>
                <prop key="url">localhost:3306/?</prop>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">2001</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
</bean>

</beans>

P命名空空间注入

对应着Property ：Set注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--  P命名空间注入 Set方法注入  Properties  -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="秦疆" p:age="19" p:sponse-ref="user1"/>
      <bean id="user1" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="花" p:age="21" />

</beans>

 @Test
    public void test(){
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Userbeans.xml");
        User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
    }

C命名空空间注入

对应着construct ：构造器注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--  C命名空间注入:construct-args  -->
  <bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="18" c:name="狂神" c:sponse-ref="user1"/>
    <bean id="user1" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="花" p:age="21" />
</beans>

   @Test
    public void test(){
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Userbeans1.xml");
        User user = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
    }

3.拓展方式注入

我们可以使用P命名空间和C命名空间进行注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--  C命名空间注入:construct-args  -->
  <bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="18" c:name="狂神" c:sponse-ref="user1"/>
    <bean id="user1" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="花" p:age="21" />
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--  P命名空间注入 property  set 方式注入 -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="秦疆" p:age="19" p:sponse-ref="user1"/>
      <bean id="user1" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="花" p:age="21" />

</beans>

p命名和C命名不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束以后才能使用

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

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DI依赖注入环境

上一章节已经说过了： p对属性 c对构造器。。。【环境搭建】1.复杂类型2 真实对象 1.3 beans.xml DI是实现控制反转的一种设计模式，依赖注入就是将实例变量传入到一个对象中去 1.4测试类
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