云计算第四阶段 CLOUD2周目 01-03

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已于 2024-10-06 16:25:36 修改

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分类专栏： # 云计算第四阶段文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

于 2024-10-06 16:18:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53738093/article/details/142726464

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国庆假期前，给小伙伴们更行完了云计算CLOUD第一周目的内容，现在为大家更行云计算CLOUD二周目内容，内容涉及K8S组件的添加与使用，K8S集群的搭建。最重要的主体还是资源文件的编写。

(*^▽^*)

环境准备：

主机清单

主机名	IP地址	最低配置
harbor	192.168.1.30	2CPU,4G内存
master	192.168.1.50	2CPU,4G内存
node-0001	192.168.1.51	2CPU,4G内存
node-0002	192.168.1.52	2CPU,4G内存
node-0003	192.168.1.53	2CPU,4G内存
node-0004	192.168.1.54	2CPU,4G内存
node-0005	192.168.1.55	2CPU,4G内存

#不一定要那么多从节点，你自己电脑随便运行 3个 node结点机器就好。^_^

cloud 01

一、理解k8s架构

架构内容：

首先有1台客户机（client） 可以访问测试各个结点。

#为了方便就用云计算cloud一周目的跳板机（ecs-proxy）来，方便测试的同时，还可以同步上传软件到其他机器。

master控制节点机器（选一个台虚拟机），再搭建几台 Node 节点机器。（该操作在云计算第二阶段ansible 时候讲过，不记得可以回去看）。

#主机清单，和ansible.cfg文件的设置。方便运行自动化剧本和节点测试。

私有镜像仓库（云计算cloud一周目结尾搭建的harbor镜像仓库）。

#方便上传和下拉镜像，方便分组管理镜像，每个镜像在那个组，有什么用途，方便管理。

不然就像 windows 所有文件，不分用途，不分磁盘全放 C盘，太过混乱。

二、搭建k8s集群

安装控制节点

1、配置软件仓库

[root@ecs-proxy s4]# rsync -av docker/ /var/localrepo/docker/
[root@ecs-proxy s4]# rsync -av kubernetes/packages/ /var/localrepo/k8s/
[root@ecs-proxy s4]# createrepo --update /var/localrepo/

2、系统环境配置

# 禁用 firewall 和 swap
[root@master ~]# sed '/swap/d' -i /etc/fstab
[root@master ~]# swapoff -a
[root@master ~]# dnf remove -y firewalld-*

3、安装软件包

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.30    harbor
192.168.1.50    master
192.168.1.51    node-0001
192.168.1.52    node-0002
192.168.1.53    node-0003
192.168.1.54    node-0004
192.168.1.55    node-0005
[root@master ~]# dnf install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl containerd.io ipvsadm ipset iproute-tc
[root@master ~]# containerd config default >/etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
61:     sandbox_image = "harbor:443/k8s/pause:3.9"
125:    SystemdCgroup = true
154 行新插入:
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://harbor:443"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."harbor:443"]
          endpoint = ["https://harbor:443"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."harbor:443".tls]
          insecure_skip_verify = true
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet containerd

4、配置内核参数

# 加载内核模块
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
xt_conntrack
[root@master ~]# systemctl start systemd-modules-load.service 

# 设置内核参数
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 1000000
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf

5、导入 k8s 镜像

拷贝本阶段 kubernetes/init 目录到 master
rsync -av kubernetes/init 192.168.1.50:/root/

5.1 安装部署 docker

[root@master ~]# dnf install -y docker-ce
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
    "registry-mirrors":["https://harbor:443"],
    "insecure-registries":["harbor:443"]
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
[root@master ~]# docker info

5.2 上传镜像到 harbor 仓库

[root@master ~]# docker login harbor:443 
Username: <登录用户>
Password: <登录密码>
Login Succeeded
[root@master ~]# docker load -i init/v1.29.2.tar.xz
[root@master ~]# docker images|while read i t _;do
    [[ "${t}" == "TAG" ]] && continue
    [[ "${i}" =~ ^"harbor:443/".+ ]] && continue
    docker tag ${i}:${t} harbor:443/k8s/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker push harbor:443/k8s/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker rmi ${i}:${t} harbor:443/k8s/${i##*/}:${t}
done

#cloud一周目也讲过上传和下拉镜像，这个是通过循环的方法下拉的，结合了正则匹配相关k8s镜像。

6、设置 Tab 键

[root@master ~]# source <(kubeadm completion bash|tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubeadm)
[root@master ~]# source <(kubectl completion bash|tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl)
#把要用到的组件反向写入到 source运行环境中，方便 tab 补全命令。

7、master 安装

#开始在主节点操作。设哪台为 master节点，最好给主机名取号，方便区分。

# 测试系统环境
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --config=init/init.yaml --dry-run 2>error.log
[root@master ~]# cat error.log
# 主控节点初始化
[root@master ~]# rm -rf error.log /etc/kubernetes/tmp
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --config=init/init.yaml |tee init/init.log
# 管理授权
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 验证安装结果
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master   NotReady   control-plane   19s   v1.29.2

安装网络插件

拷贝本阶段 kubernetes/plugins 目录到 master
rsync -av kubernetes/plugins 192.168.1.50:/root/

#calico插件是k8s的网络插件。

上传镜像

[root@master ~]# cd plugins/calico
[root@master calico]# docker load -i calico.tar.xz
[root@master calico]# docker images|while read i t _;do
    [[ "${t}" == "TAG" ]] && continue
    [[ "${i}" =~ ^"harbor:443/".+ ]] && continue
    docker tag ${i}:${t} harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker push harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker rmi ${i}:${t} harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
done

安装 calico 插件

[root@master calico]# sed -ri 's,^(\s*image: )(.*/)?(.+),\1harbor:443/plugins/\3,' calico.yaml
4642:  image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.26.4
4670:  image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.26.4
4713:  image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.26.4
4739:  image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.26.4
4956:  image: docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.26.4

[root@master calico]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
[root@master calico]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane   23m   v1.29.2

安装计算节点

1、获取凭证

# 查看 token
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token list
TOKEN                     TTL         EXPIRES                
abcdef.0123456789abcdef   23h         2022-04-12T14:04:34Z
# 删除 token
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token delete abcdef.0123456789abcdef
bootstrap token "abcdef" deleted
# 创建 token
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token create --ttl=0 --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.1.50:6443 --token fhf6gk.bhhvsofvd672yd41 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ea07de5929dab8701c1bddc347155fe51c3fb6efd2ce8a4177f6dc03d5793467
# 获取 hash 值 [1、在创建 token 时候显示  2、使用 openssl 计算]
[root@master ~]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt |openssl rsa -pubin -outform der |openssl dgst -sha256 -hex

#查看原有token凭证，删除；再重新创建新的，每个人不一样，不要照抄。具体看自己生产的凭证。不要照抄，具体看自己的！具体看自己的！自己的。 [○･｀Д´･ ○]

#从节点有自动化的方式可以配置，不懂可以请教AI。用到ansible自动化中的vars模块。

相关安装软件、配置系统环境、内核参数都可以自己转化剧本方式编写。

下面演示的是手动安装的操作。每个 node结点步骤都是一样的，

你也可以通过winterm的同步窗口一起编辑配置。

2、node 安装

2、系统环境配置

# 禁用 firewall 和 swap
[root@master ~]# sed '/swap/d' -i /etc/fstab
[root@master ~]# swapoff -a
[root@master ~]# dnf remove -y firewalld-*

3、安装软件包

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.30    harbor
192.168.1.50    master
192.168.1.51    node-0001
192.168.1.52    node-0002
192.168.1.53    node-0003
192.168.1.54    node-0004
192.168.1.55    node-0005
[root@master ~]# dnf install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl containerd.io ipvsadm ipset iproute-tc
[root@master ~]# containerd config default >/etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
61:     sandbox_image = "harbor:443/k8s/pause:3.9"
125:    SystemdCgroup = true
154 行新插入:
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = ["https://harbor:443"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."harbor:443"]
          endpoint = ["https://harbor:443"]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."harbor:443".tls]
          insecure_skip_verify = true
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet containerd

4、配置内核参数

# 加载内核模块
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
xt_conntrack
[root@master ~]# systemctl start systemd-modules-load.service 

# 设置内核参数
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 1000000
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf

#安装配置好后，加入master控制节点的 token凭证和 hash证书。

[root@node ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.1.50:6443 --token <你的token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<ca 证书 hash>
#------------------------ 在 master 节点上验证---------------------------
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master      Ready    control-plane   76m   v1.29.2
node-0001   Ready    <none>          61s   v1.29.2

#每个节点配置好后，查看集群工作状态。

查看集群状态

# 验证节点工作状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master      Ready    control-plane   99m   v1.29.2
node-0001   Ready    <none>          23m   v1.29.2
node-0002   Ready    <none>          57s   v1.29.2
node-0003   Ready    <none>          57s   v1.29.2
node-0004   Ready    <none>          57s   v1.29.2
node-0005   Ready    <none>          57s   v1.29.2

# 验证容器工作状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-fc945b5f7-p4xnj   1/1     Running   0          77m
calico-node-6s8k2                         1/1     Running   0          59s
calico-node-bxwdd                         1/1     Running   0          59s
calico-node-d5g6x                         1/1     Running   0          77m
calico-node-lfwdh                         1/1     Running   0          59s
calico-node-qnhxr                         1/1     Running   0          59s
calico-node-sjngw                         1/1     Running   0          24m
coredns-844c6bb88b-89lzt                  1/1     Running   0          59m
coredns-844c6bb88b-qpbvk                  1/1     Running   0          59m
etcd-master                               1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-apiserver-master                     1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-controller-manager-master            1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-proxy-5xjzw                          1/1     Running   0          59s
kube-proxy-9mbh5                          1/1     Running   0          59s
kube-proxy-g2pmp                          1/1     Running   0          99m
kube-proxy-l7lpk                          1/1     Running   0          24m
kube-proxy-m6wfj                          1/1     Running   0          59s
kube-proxy-vqtt8                          1/1     Running   0          59s
kube-scheduler-master                     1/1     Running   0          70m

#具体看节点和相关组件的运行状况是否是 ready 和 running 状态。

这个 pods 相当于一个饭盒， 1个pod可以运行多个容器和服务。

cloud 02

#上节课讲了安装和配置 K8S相关组件与集群搭建。这节课讲具体的组件命令的使用。

抽象来说 k8s 相当于一台机甲，

它由控制组件和计算组件结构而成。

接下来，我们一起去熟悉k8s的具体操作。 O(∩_∩)O

一、熟悉 k8s中 kubectl 管理命令

k8s集群管理

信息查询命令

子命令	说明
help	用于查看命令及子命令的帮助信息
cluster-info	显示集群的相关配置信息
api-resources	查看当前服务器上所有的资源对象
api-versions	查看当前服务器上所有资源对象的版本
config	管理当前节点上的认证信息

######  help  命令

# 查看帮助命令信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl help version
Print the client and server version information for the current context.

Examples:
  # Print the client and server versions for the current context
  kubectl version
... ...
###### cluster-info

# 查看集群状态信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info 
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
... ...

######## api-resources

# 查看资源对象类型
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources 
NAME             SHORTNAMES     APIVERSION      NAMESPACED      KIND
bindings                        v1              true            Binding
endpoints        ep             v1              true            Endpoints
events           ev             v1              true            Event
... ...


########api-versions

# 查看资源对象版本
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions 
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apps/v1
... ...
config

# 查看当前认证使用的用户及证书
[root@master ~]# kubectl config get-contexts 
CURRENT   NAME                          CLUSTER      AUTHINFO
*         kubernetes-admin@kubernetes   kubernetes   kubernetes-admin

######## 使用 view 查看详细配置

[root@master ~]# kubectl config view 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://192.168.1.50:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: REDACTED
    client-key-data: REDACTED

#######集群管理授权########

[root@harbor ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.30    harbor
192.168.1.50    master
192.168.1.51    node-0001
192.168.1.52    node-0002
192.168.1.53    node-0003
192.168.1.54    node-0004
192.168.1.55    node-0005
[root@harbor ~]# dnf install -y kubectl
[root@harbor ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@harbor ~]# rsync -av master:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@harbor ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@harbor ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master      Ready    control-plane   24h   v1.29.2
node-0001   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.29.2
node-0002   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.29.2
node-0003   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.29.2
node-0004   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.29.2
node-0005   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.29.2

二、熟悉 pod 创建过程及相位状态

Pod 管理

创建 Pod

上传镜像到 harbor 仓库
rsync -av public/myos.tar.xz 192.168.1.50:/root/

# 导入镜像
[root@master ~]# docker load -i myos.tar.xz
# 上传镜像到 library 项目
[root@master ~]# docker images|while read i t _;do
    [[ "${t}" == "TAG" ]] && continue
    [[ "${i}" =~ ^"harbor:443/".+ ]] && continue
    docker tag ${i}:${t} harbor:443/library/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker push harbor:443/library/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker rmi ${i}:${t} harbor:443/library/${i##*/}:${t}
done

创建 Pod

# 创建 Pod 资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl run myweb --image=myos:httpd
pod/myweb created

# 查询资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myweb    1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.1.3   node-0001

# 访问验证
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.1.3
Welcome to The Apache.

Pod 创建过程（图解）

Pod 管理命令（1）

子命令	说明	备注
run	创建 Pod 资源对象	创建即运行，没有停止概念
get	查看资源对象的状态信息	常用参数: -o 显示格式
create	创建资源对象	不能创建 Pod
describe	查询资源对象的属性信息
logs	查看容器的报错信息	常用参数: -c 容器名称

get

# 查看 Pod 资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m

# 只查看资源对象的名字
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o name
pod/myweb

# 查看资源对象运行节点的信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.3   node-0001

# 查看资源对象详细信息，Yaml/Json 格式
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod myweb -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myweb
... ...

# 查看名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces 
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   39h
kube-node-lease   Active   39h
kube-public       Active   39h
kube-system       Active   39h

# 查看名称空间中的 Pod 信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0             39h
... ...

create

# 创建名称空间资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl create namespace work
namespace/work created

# 查看名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   39h
kube-node-lease   Active   39h
kube-public       Active   39h
kube-system       Active   39h
work              Active   11s

run

# 在 work 名称空间创建 Pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work run myhttp --image=myos:httpd
pod/myhttp created

# 查询资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myhttp   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.2.2   node-0002

# 访问验证
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2
Welcome to The Apache.

describe

# 查看资源对象的配置信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work describe pod myhttp
Name:             myhttp
Namespace:        work
Priority:         0
Service Account:  default
Node:             node-0002/192.168.1.52
... ...
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  7s    default-scheduler  Successfully assigned work/myhttp to node-0002
  Normal  Pulling    6s    kubelet            Pulling image "myos:httpd"
  Normal  Pulled     2s    kubelet            Successfully pulled image "myos:httpd" in 4.495s (4.495s including waiting)
  Normal  Created    2s    kubelet            Created container myhttp
  Normal  Started    2s    kubelet            Started container myhttp

# 查看 work 名称空间的配置信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe namespaces work
Name:         work
Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=work
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Active

No resource quota.

No LimitRange resource.

logs

# 查看容器日志
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work logs myhttp
[root@master ~]# 
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n default logs myweb 
2022/11/12 18:28:54 [error] 7#0: *2 open() "... ..." failed (2: No such file or directory), ......

Pod 管理命令（2）

子命令	说明	备注
exec	在某一个容器内执行特定的命令	可选参数: -c 容器名称
cp	在容器和宿主机之间拷贝文件或目录	可选参数: -c 容器名称
delete	删除资源对象	可选参数: -l 标签

exec

# 在容器内执行命令
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it myweb -- ls 
index.html  info.php

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it myweb -- bash
[root@myweb html]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1450
        inet 10.244.1.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.244.2.255
        ether 3a:32:78:59:ed:25  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
... ...

cp
# 与容器进行文件或目录传输
[root@master ~]# kubectl cp myweb:/etc/yum.repos.d /root/aaa
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@master ~]# tree /root/aaa
/root/aaa
├── local.repo
├── Rocky-AppStream.repo
├── Rocky-BaseOS.repo
└── Rocky-Extras.repo

0 directories, 4 files
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work cp /etc/passwd myhttp:/root/mima
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work exec -it myhttp -- ls /root/
mima

delete

# 删除资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods myweb 
pod "myweb" deleted

# 删除 work 名称空间下所有 Pod 对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work delete pods --all
pod "myhttp" deleted

# 删除名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete namespaces work 
namespace "work" deleted

三、熟悉资源清单文件

#相信大家已经看出来了，云计算cloud一周目收尾的时候，简单讲过资源清单格式。

抽象来说，资源清单文件就是预制菜，它可以直接写好再资源清单中，而其中的每一个资源控制组件就相当于调料品和制作菜品的食材。

资源监控组件

配置授权令牌

[root@master ~]# echo 'serverTLSBootstrap: true' >>/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart kubelet
[root@master ~]# kubectl get certificatesigningrequests 
NAME        AGE   SIGNERNAME                      REQUESTOR            REQUESTEDDURATION   CONDITION
csr-2hg42   14s   kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving   system:node:master   <none>              Pending
[root@master ~]# kubectl certificate approve csr-2hg42
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-2hg42 approved
[root@master ~]# kubectl get certificatesigningrequests 
NAME        AGE   SIGNERNAME                      REQUESTOR            REQUESTEDDURATION   CONDITION
csr-2hg42   28s   kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving   system:node:master   <none>              Approved,Issued

安装插件 metrics

#用到的第二个插件。

# 上传镜像到私有仓库
[root@master metrics]# docker load -i metrics-server.tar.xz
[root@master metrics]# docker images|while read i t _;do
    [[ "${t}" == "TAG" ]] && continue
    [[ "${i}" =~ ^"harbor:443/".+ ]] && continue
    docker tag ${i}:${t} harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker push harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
    docker rmi ${i}:${t} harbor:443/plugins/${i##*/}:${t}
done

# 使用资源对象文件创建服务
[root@master metrics]# sed -ri 's,^(\s*image: )(.*/)?(.+),\1harbor:443/plugins/\3,' components.yaml
140:     image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4
[root@master metrics]# kubectl apply -f components.yaml

# 验证插件 Pod 状态
[root@master metrics]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
metrics-server-ddb449849-c6lkc   1/1     Running   0          64s

证书签发

# 查看节点资源指标
[root@master metrics]# kubectl top nodes
NAME        CPU(cores)    CPU%         MEMORY(bytes)     MEMORY%     
master      99m           4%           1005Mi            27%         
node-0001   <unknown>     <unknown>    <unknown>        <unknown>
node-0002   <unknown>     <unknown>    <unknown>        <unknown>
node-0003   <unknown>     <unknown>    <unknown>        <unknown>
node-0004   <unknown>     <unknown>    <unknown>        <unknown>
node-0005   <unknown>     <unknown>    <unknown>        <unknown>
#--------------- 在所有计算节点配置证书 -----------------
[root@node ~]# echo 'serverTLSBootstrap: true' >>/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
[root@node ~]# systemctl restart kubelet

#--------------- 在 master 签发证书 -------------------
[root@master ~]# kubectl certificate approve $(kubectl get csr -o name)
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-t8799 approved
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-69qhz approved
... ...
[root@master ~]# kubectl get certificatesigningrequests
NAME        AGE   SIGNERNAME                      REQUESTOR   CONDITION
csr-2hg42   14m   kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving   master      Approved,Issued
csr-9gu29   28s   kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving   node-0001   Approved,Issued
... ...

资源指标监控

# 获取资源指标有延时，等待 15s 即可查看
[root@master ~]# kubectl top nodes
NAME        CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
master      83m          4%     1789Mi          50%       
node-0001   34m          1%     747Mi           20%       
node-0002   30m          1%     894Mi           24%       
node-0003   39m          1%     930Mi           25%       
node-0004   45m          2%     896Mi           24%       
node-0005   40m          2%     1079Mi          29%

#前面很懵，现在懂了吧，这个类似于 TOP 命令，只是该插件是看每个节点的资源情况的。

罒ω罒

资源清单文件

#不记得咋写的，默写下面的格式三遍，试试唤醒记忆

[root@master ~]# vim myweb.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: myos:nginx
status: {}
管理命令

子命令 说明备注
create 创建文件中定义的资源支持指令式和资源清单文件配置
apply 创建（更新）文件中定义的资源只支持资源清单文件（声明式）
delete 删除文件中定义的资源支持指令式和资源清单文件配置
replace 更改/替换资源对象强制重建 --force

子命令	说明	备注
create	创建文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源清单文件配置
apply	创建（更新）文件中定义的资源	只支持资源清单文件（声明式）
delete	删除文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源清单文件配置
replace	更改/替换资源对象	强制重建 --force

create

# 创建资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb created
# 不能更新，重复执行会报错
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 
Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "myweb.yaml": pods "myweb" already exists

delete

# 使用资源清单文件删除
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myweb.yaml
pod "myweb" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.

apply

# 创建资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb created
# 更新资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb configured

# 强制重建资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f myweb.yaml 
pod "myweb" deleted
pod/myweb created

# 删除资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myweb.yaml 
pod "myweb" deleted

# 拓展提高
# 与 kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 功能相同
[root@master ~]# cat myweb.yaml |kubectl apply -f -

cloud 03

一、属性 pod模版与版主手册

#学习前第一件事，默写资源清单最简单、最基本的格式2-3遍。

资源清单文件
yaml格式

---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: myos:nginx
status： {}

#知道了 yaml格式的，再给你们介绍下json 易读格式的怎么写。

json格式

{
    "kind":"Pod",
    "apiVersion":"v1",
    "metadata":{"name":"myweb"},
    "spec":{"containers":[{"name":"nginx","image":"myos:nginx"}]},
    "status":{}
}

模板与帮助信息

# 获取资源对象模板
[root@master ~]# kubectl create namespace work --dry-run=client -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: work
spec: {}
status: {}

# 查询帮助信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl explain Pod.metadata
KIND:       Pod
VERSION:    v1

FIELD: metadata <ObjectMeta> ... ...

  namespace <string>
    Namespace defines the space within which each name must be unique. An empty
    namespace is equivalent to the "default" namespace, but "default" is the
    canonical representation. Not all objects are required to be scoped to a
    namespace - the value of this field for those objects will be empty.

[root@master ~]# kubectl explain Pod.metadata.namespace
KIND:       Pod
VERSION:    v1

FIELD: namespace <string>

DESCRIPTION:
    Namespace defines the space within which each name must be unique. An empty
    namespace is equivalent to the "default" namespace, but "default" is the
    canonical representation. Not all objects are required to be scoped to a
    namespace - the value of this field for those objects will be empty.
    
    Must be a DNS_LABEL. Cannot be updated. More info:
    https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces

#status { } 可以不写┗|｀O′|┛ 嗷~~，后面出现了，你可以省略掉。

配置名称空间

[root@master ~]# vim myweb.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: myos:nginx
status: {}

管理资源对象

# 创建多个资源清单文件
[root@master ~]# mkdir app
[root@master ~]# sed "s,myweb,web1," myweb.yaml >app/web1.yaml
[root@master ~]# sed "s,myweb,web2," myweb.yaml >app/web2.yaml
[root@master ~]# sed "s,myweb,web3," myweb.yaml >app/web3.yaml
[root@master ~]# tree app/
app/
├── web1.yaml
├── web2.yaml
└── web3.yaml

# 创建应用
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f app/web1.yaml -f app/web2.yaml
pod/web1 created
pod/web2 created

# 执行目录下所有资源清单文件
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f app/
pod/web1 unchanged
pod/web2 unchanged
pod/web3 created

# 删除目录下所有的资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f app/
pod "web1" deleted
pod "web2" deleted
pod "web3" deleted

# 合并管理资源清单文件
[root@master ~]# cat app/* >app.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f app.yaml
pod/web1 created
pod/web2 created
pod/web3 created

#他们像葫芦娃一样，把它藤蔓的根拔掉，上面的葫芦也带着拔走了。

二、pod多容器与嵌入式脚本

多容器 Pod
[root@master ~]# vim mynginx.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mynginx
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: myos:nginx
  - name: php
    image: myos:php-fpm

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mynginx.yaml 
pod/mynginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
mynginx   2/2     Running   0          3s

#类似双黄蛋？

管理多容器 Pod

受到多容器影响的命令: ["logs", "exec", "cp"]

# 查看日志
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs mynginx -c nginx
[root@master ~]# 
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs mynginx -c php
[06-Mar-2024 12:56:18] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
[06-Mar-2024 12:56:18] NOTICE: [pool www] 'group' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root

# 执行命令
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it mynginx -c nginx -- pstree -p
nginx(1)-+-nginx(7)
         `-nginx(8)
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it mynginx -c php -- pstree -p
php-fpm(1)

# 拷贝文件
[root@master ~]# kubectl cp mynginx:/etc/php-fpm.conf /root/php.conf -c nginx
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: /etc/php-fpm.conf: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors

[root@master ~]# kubectl cp mynginx:/etc/php-fpm.conf /root/php.conf -c php
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

案例 3 排错（找出错误，理解格式）

[root@master ~]# vim web2.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: web2
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: myos:nginx
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd
status: {}

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f web2.yaml 
pod/web2 created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods web2
NAME   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS     AGE
web2   1/2     Error     1 (4s ago)   8s

自定义任务

[root@master ~]# vim mycmd.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mycmd
spec:
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:httpd
    command: ["sleep"]     # 配置自定义命令
    args:                  # 设置命令参数
    - "30"

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mycmd.yaml
pod/mycmd created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w
NAME    READY   STATUS      RESTARTS     AGE
mycmd   1/1     Running     0            4s
mycmd   0/1     Completed   0            31s
mycmd   1/1     Running     1 (2s ago)   32s

容器保护策略

[root@master ~]# vim mycmd.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mycmd
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure      # 配置重启策略
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:httpd
    command: ["sleep"]
    args:
    - "30"

[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f mycmd.yaml
pod "mycmd" deleted
pod/mycmd replaced
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w
NAME    READY   STATUS      RESTARTS     AGE
mycmd   1/1     Running     0            4s
mycmd   0/1     Completed   0            31s

宽限期策略

[root@master ~]# vim mycmd.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mycmd
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0  # 设置宽限期
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:httpd
    command: ["sleep"]
    args:
    - "30"

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods mycmd
pod "mycmd" deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f mycmd.yaml
pod/mycmd created

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods mycmd
pod "mycmd" deleted

Pod 任务脚本

[root@master ~]# vim mycmd.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mycmd
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:8.5
    command: ["sh"]
    args:
    - -c
    - |
      for i in {0..9};do
          echo hello world.
          sleep 3.3
      done
      exit 0

[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f mycmd.yaml
pod "mycmd" deleted
pod/mycmd replaced
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs mycmd 
hello world.
hello world.
hello world.

案例4 自定义 pod 脚本

##########答案#####################

---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mymem
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:8.5
    command: ["sh"]
    args:
    - -c
    - |
      while sleep 5;do
          use=$(free -m |awk '$1=="Mem:"{print $3}')
          if  (( ${use} < 1000 ));then
              echo -e "\x1b[32mINFO:\x1b[39m running normally"
          else
              echo -e "\x1b[31mWARN:\x1b[39m high memory usage"
          fi
      done

最大生命周期

[root@master ~]# vim mycmd.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mycmd
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  activeDeadlineSeconds: 60      # 可以执行的最大时长
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
  - name: linux
    image: myos:8.5
    command: ["sh"]
    args:
    - -c
    - |
      for i in {0..9};do
          echo hello world.
          sleep 33
      done
      exit 0

[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f mycmd.yaml
pod "mycmd" deleted 
pod/mycmd replaced
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -w
mycmd   1/1     Running             0          1s
mycmd   1/1     Running             0          60s
mycmd   0/1     Error               0          62s

#理解为定时炸弹，到时间销毁。

三、Pod调度策略

基于名称调度

[root@master ~]# vim myhttp.yaml 
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myhttp
spec:
  nodeName: node-0001     # 基于节点名称进行调度
  containers:
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myhttp.yaml  
pod/myhttp created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myhttp    1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.1.6   node-0001

标签管理

# 查看标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
myhttp    1/1     Running   0          2m34s   <none>

# 添加标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pod myhttp app=apache
pod/myhttp labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttp    1/1     Running   0          14m   app=apache

# 删除标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pod myhttp app-
pod/myhttp unlabeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttp    1/1     Running   0          14m   <none>

# 资源清单文件配置标签
[root@master ~]# vim myhttp.yaml 
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myhttp
  labels:
    app: apache
spec:
  containers:
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd

[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f myhttp.yaml 
pod "myhttp" deleted 
pod/myhttp replaced
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttp   1/1     Running   0          7s    app=apache

# 使用标签过滤资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l app=apache
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myhttp   1/1     Running   0          6m44s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes -l kubernetes.io/hostname=master
NAME     STATUS   ROLES           AGE    VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane   5d6h   v1.29.2

[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces -l kubernetes.io/metadata.name=default
NAME      STATUS   AGE
default   Active   5d6h

基于标签调度

# 查询 node 节点上的标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels 
NAME        STATUS   ROLES            VERSION   LABELS
master      Ready    control-plane    v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=master
node-0001   Ready    <none>           v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0001
node-0002   Ready    <none>           v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0002
node-0003   Ready    <none>           v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0003
node-0004   Ready    <none>           v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0004
node-0005   Ready    <none>           v1.29.2   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0005

# 使用 node 上的标签调度 Pod
[root@master ~]# vim myhttp.yaml 
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myhttp
  labels:
    app: apache
spec:
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/hostname: node-0002
  containers:
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd

[root@master ~]# kubectl replace --force -f myhttp.yaml
pod "myhttp" deleted
pod/myhttp replaced
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE
myhttp    1/1     Running   0          1s    10.244.2.11   node-0002

小伙伴们，云计算cloud二周目，01-03 更新完成。涉及到的管理命令较多，需要多敲多练。才能形成肌肉记忆，转化为自己的知识。 (*^▽^*)