自动化运维工具（二）——ansible模块&palybook的使用

目录

一：ansible核心模块

1、主机连通性测试

2、command模块

3、shell模块

4、copy模块

5、file模块

6、fetch模块

7、cron模块

8、yum模块

9、service模块

10、script

二：playbook

1、playbook的核心元素

2、playbook运行方式

3、使用

4、template模块

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一：ansible核心模块

1、主机连通性测试

我们使用ansible xxx -m ping命令来进行主机连通性测试（xxx是主机的组名），效果如下：

[root@kafka-1 ansible]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts

# Ex 2: A collection of hosts belonging to the 'webservers' group

[webservers]           #webservers为xxx
## alpha.example.org
## beta.example.org
## 192.168.1.100
## 192.168.1.110
192.168.149.152
192.168.149.153

[root@kafka-1 ansible]# ansible webservers -m ping
192.168.149.152 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.149.153 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

2、command模块

command模块可以直接在远程主机上执行命令，并将结果返回主机。如下：

[root@kafka-1 ansible]# ansible webservers -m command -a "ip a"
192.168.149.152 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:75:96:ae brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.149.152/24 brd 192.168.149.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::7f6a:2f24:7ab1:fd87/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
192.168.149.153 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: &l