面向对象之友元

友元的两种使用形式

使用前提：某个类需要实现某种功能，但是这个类自身，因为各种原因，无法自己实现，需要借助外力才能实现。

1. 友元函数

使用全局函数作为友元函数

需求：计算机和计算机的升级

Computer.h

#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Computer
{
public:
	Computer();

	string description() const;

	friend void upgrade(Computer* computer);
private:
	string cpu;
};

Computer.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include <sstream>
Computer::Computer() {
	this->cpu = "i7";
}

string Computer::description() const {
	stringstream ret;
	ret << "cpu:" << cpu;
	return ret.str();
}

main.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;
void upgrade(Computer *computer) {
	computer->cpu = "i9";
}

int main(void) {
	Computer computer;
	cout << computer.description() << endl;

	upgrade(&computer);
	cout << computer.description() << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

使用类的成员函数作为友元函数

Computer.h

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include "ComputerService.h"
using namespace std;

class Computer
{
public:
	Computer();

	string description() const;

	friend void ComputerService::upgrade(Computer* computer);
private:
	string cpu;
};

Computer.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include <sstream>
Computer::Computer() {
	this->cpu = "i7";
}

string Computer::description() const {
	stringstream ret;
	ret << "cpu:" << cpu;
	return ret.str();
}

ComputerService.h

#pragma once
class Computer;
class ComputerService
{
public:
	void upgrade(Computer* computer);
};

ComputerService.cpp

#include "ComputerService.h"
#include "Computer.h"
void ComputerService::upgrade(Computer* computer) {
	computer->cpu = "i9";
}

main.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include "ComputerService.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;


int main(void) {
	Computer computer;
	ComputerService service;
	cout << computer.description() << endl;

	service.upgrade(&computer);
	cout << computer.description() << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

功能上，两种形式相同，但是应用场合不同。

一个是使用普通的全局函数，作为自己的朋友，实现特殊的功能。

一个是使用其他类的成员函数，作为自己的朋友，实现特殊的功能。

2. 友元类

如果A类作为B类的友元类，那么A类的所有成员函数，就可以直接访问B类的私有成员。

友元类可以直接访问对应类的所有成员。

Computer.h

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include "ComputerService.h"
using namespace std;

class Computer
{
public:
	Computer();

	string description() const;

	friend class ComputerService;
private:
	string cpu;
};

Computer.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include <sstream>
Computer::Computer() {
	this->cpu = "i7";
}

string Computer::description() const {
	stringstream ret;
	ret << "cpu:" << cpu;
	return ret.str();
}

ComputerService.h

#pragma once
class Computer;
class ComputerService
{
public:
	void upgrade(Computer* computer);
	void clean(Computer* computer);
	void kill(Computer* computer);
};

ComputerService.cpp

#include "ComputerService.h"
#include "Computer.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void ComputerService::upgrade(Computer* computer) {
	computer->cpu = "i9";
}
void ComputerService::clean(Computer* computer) {
	cout << "正在对电脑清理";
	cout << endl << "cpu:" << computer->cpu << endl;
}
void ComputerService::kill (Computer* computer) {
	cout << "正在对电脑杀毒";
	cout << endl << "cpu:" << computer->cpu << endl;
}

main.cpp

#include "Computer.h"
#include "ComputerService.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;


int main(void) {
	Computer computer;
	ComputerService service;
	cout << computer.description() << endl;

	service.upgrade(&computer);
	service.clean(&computer);
	service.kill(&computer);
	cout << computer.description() << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

注意：友元类和友元函数，使用friend关键字进行声明即可，与访问权限无关。