Spring 利用XML配置的文件实现依赖注入以及控制反转,实现简单的数据库查询操作

创建一个空的project

在project中创建一个module并在里面导入下面的依赖

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.29</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        数据库驱动和连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>name.remal.tools.test</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit4</artifactId>
            <version>1.26.140</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.29</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

创建一个实体类Student,并实现对应的setter,getter方法,创建空参构造器,有参构造器

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String gender;
    private String classes;
    private String score;
}

创建数据库

CREATE TABLE `students` (
  `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
  `age` int(3) NOT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  `gender` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '年级',
  `class` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '班级',
  `score` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_german2_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '分数',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

构建jdbc,properties配置文件

su.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testforspring?useSSL=false
su.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
su.username=root
su.password=

 创建三层架构进行数据库的访问.

此时我们不需要再在各个对象中new对象,spring中对象的创建我们交给IOC容器进行管理,由IOC容器统一帮我们进行管理.我们只需要声明就可

例如studentServiceImpl中引用studentDao接口下的实体类studentDaoImpl

只需要声明private studentDao studentDao即可,代码如下

/**
 * @author haustsusu
 * @create 2023-08-29-19:20
 */
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
        this.studentDao = studentDao;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> getStudent(String sql) {
        List<Student> students = studentDao.getStudents(sql);
        return students;
    }
}

此时的对象还无法完全交给IOC容器进行管理

需要在配置文件中对各个对象之间的进行依赖注入DI的操作

重点如下

<!--    指定配置文件位置-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!--    将配置文件的值注入到datasource中-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="${su.url}"></property>
<!--        注意!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-->
<!--        name中的值是driverClassName不是driver-->
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${su.driver}"></property>
        <property name="username" value="${su.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${su.password}"></property>
    </bean>
<!--将DataSource注入到jdbcTemplate中-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource">
        </property>
    </bean>

<!--    将对象按照三层架构顺序依次注入-->

<!--    注意!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-->
<!--    下列三行代码中无法讲jdbcTemplate注入到StudentDaoImpl中去,原因是在StudentDaoImpl中没有setter方法-->

<!--    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.fys.su.Dao.DaoImpl.StudentDaoImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.fys.su.Dao.DaoImpl.StudentDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="studentService" class="com.fys.su.Service.ServiceImpl.StudentServiceImpl">
        <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="queryStudents" class="com.fys.su.Controller.QueryStudents">
        <property name="studentService" ref="studentService"></property>
    </bean>

注意,在注入前要检查被注入的类中是否声明了需要注入的对象的setter方法