C++期末课程设计：设计一个学生学籍管理系统

学生信息包括：姓名、学号、性别和英语、数学、程序设计、体育成绩。

  从键盘输入数据，建立数据文件student.dat。

  实现对学生或学号查询，显示信息。

  对所有学生，按照班级计算平均成绩。

  分别按照英语、数学、程序设计和体育成绩排序生成结果文件。

话不多说，上测试结果图

 

 

 代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;
#define max 30
class student		//定义学生数据类
{
private:			//数据保护
	string name;
	string id;
	string gender;
	float English = 0;
	float Math = 0;
	float Program = 0;
	float PE = 0;
public:						//写入数据
	void setstuinfo(string name, string id, string gender, float English, float Math, float Program, float PE) {
		this->name = name;
		this->id = id;
		this->gender = gender;
		this->English = English;
		this->Math = Math;
		this->Program = Program;
		this->PE = PE;
	}
	void setName(string name) {
		this->name = name;
	}
	void setId(string id) {
		this->id = id;
	}
	void setGender(string gender) {
		this->gender = gender;
	}
	void setEnglish(float English) {
		this->English = English;
	}
	void setMath(float Math) {
		this->Math = Math;
	}
	void setProgram(float Program) {
		this->Program = Program;
	}
	void setPE(float PE) {
		this->PE = PE;
	}
	string showname() {
		return this->name;
	}
	string showid() {
		return this->id;
	}
	string showGender() {
		return this->gender;
	}
	float showEnglish() {
		return this->English;
	}
	float showMath() {
		return this->Math;
	}
	float showProgram() {
		return this->Program;
	}
	float showPE() {
		return this->PE;
	}
};
class addressbooks {		//定义接收数据量:30个
public:
	class student studentarray[max];
	int showsize() {
		return this->size;
	}
	void sizeadd() {
		this->size++;
	}
	void inisize() {
		this->size = 0;
	}
private:
	int size = 0;	//数据保护
};

void addstudent(addressbooks* abs){		//录入学生成绩信息
	if (abs->showsize() == max)
	{
		cout << "存储容量已满。" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		string name;
		cout << "请输入学生姓名：" << endl;
		cin >> name;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setName(name);
		string id;
		cout << "请输入学生学号：" << endl;
		cin >> id;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setId(id);
		string Gender;
		cout << "请输入学生的性别：" << endl;
		cin >> Gender;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setGender(Gender);
		float English;
		cout << "请输入学生的英语成绩：" << endl;
		cin >> English;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setEnglish(English);
		float Math;
		cout << "请输入学生的数学成绩：" << endl;
		cin >> Math;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setMath(Math);
		float Program;
		cout << "请输入学生的程序设计成绩" << endl;
		cin >> Program;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setProgram(Program);
		float PE;
		cout << "请输入学生的体育成绩" << endl;
		cin >> PE;
		abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].setPE(PE);		
		cout << endl;
		ofstream fout;			//创建对象管理输出流
		fout.open("student.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
		fout << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showname() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showGender() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showid() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showEnglish() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showMath() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showProgram() << " " << abs->studentarray[abs->showsize()].showPE()<<" ";
		cout << "单次录入完毕，一秒后清屏。" << endl;		//至此，单个学生信息输入完毕
		fout.close();
		Sleep(1000);
		system("cls");
	}
}

void clear() {        //用打开文件的默认方式清除数据
	ofstream cls1;
	ofstream cls2;
	ofstream cls3;
	ofstream cls4;
	ofstream cls5;
	ofstream cls6;
	cls1.open("student.dat");
	cls2.open("average.dat");
	cls3.open("englishsort.dat");
	cls4.open("mathsort.dat");
	cls5.open("programsort.dat");
	cls6.open("pesort.dat");
	cout << "数据已清除。。。" << endl;
	cout << "一秒后清屏。。。" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	Sleep(1000);
	system("cls");
}

int ifexit(string tmps) {
	if (tmps == "end") {
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

void getdata(addressbooks* abs2) {
	int exit = 0;
	string tmps;
	float tmpf;
	abs2->inisize();
	int i = 0;
	ifstream fin("student.dat", ios_base::in);
	while (i<max) {		//判断是否接收到数据末尾
		fin >> tmps;
		exit = ifexit(tmps);
		if (exit == 1) {
			break;			//避免收集空数据
		}
		abs2->studentarray[i].setName(tmps);
		fin >> tmps;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setGender(tmps);
		fin >> tmps;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setId(tmps);
		fin >> tmpf;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setEnglish(tmpf);
		fin >> tmpf;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setMath(tmpf);
		fin >> tmpf;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setProgram(tmpf);
		fin >> tmpf;
		abs2->studentarray[i].setPE(tmpf);
		abs2->sizeadd();
		i++;
	}
}

void namesearch(addressbooks* abs2){
	getdata(abs2);
	string name;
	int i = 0;
	cout << "请输入要查找学生的姓名:" << endl;
	cin >> name;
	for (i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++)			//对学生姓名进行遍历查找
	{
		if (name == abs2->studentarray[i].showname())
		{
			cout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[i].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showPE() << endl;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i >= abs2->showsize())				//查无此人
	{
		cout << "查无此人" << endl;
	}
}

void idsearch(addressbooks* abs2) {
	getdata(abs2);
	string id;
	int i = 0;
	cout << "请输入要查找学生的学号：" << endl;
	cin >> id;
	for (i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++)			//对学生姓名进行遍历查找
	{
		if (id == abs2->studentarray[i].showid())
		{
			cout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[i].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[i].showPE() << endl;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i >= abs2->showsize())				//查无此人
	{
		cout << "查无此人" << endl;
	}

}

void average(addressbooks* abs2) {
	getdata(abs2);
	float averagesc[max];
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		averagesc[i] = (abs2->studentarray[i].showEnglish()+abs2->studentarray[i].showMath()+abs2->studentarray[i].showProgram()+abs2->studentarray[i].showPE()) / 4;
	}
	ofstream fout;
	fout.open("average.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
	int t = 0;
	for (t = 0; t < abs2->showsize(); t++) {
		fout << "学生：" << abs2->studentarray[t].showname() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[t].showid() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[t].showGender() << " 四门课程平均成绩：" << averagesc[t] << endl;
	}
	cout << "结果已输出至文件：average.dat" << endl;

}

void stusortE(addressbooks* abs2) {			//采用冒泡排序算法,记录下数据条的变化，输出时改变顺序即可
	getdata(abs2);
	int sortn[max];
	float score[max];
	int tmpn[max+1];
	int j = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < abs2->showsize(); j++) {
		tmpn[j] = j;
	}
	tmpn[j] = '\0';
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		score[i] = abs2->studentarray[i].showEnglish();
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < abs2->showsize() - i - 1; j++) {
			if (score[j] < score[j+1]) {
				int temp;
				int tempn;
				temp = score[j + 1];
				tempn = tmpn[j];
				tmpn[j] = tmpn[j+1];
				score[j + 1] = score[j];
				tmpn[j + 1] = tempn;
				score[j] = temp;

			}
		}
	}
	ofstream fout;
	fout.open("englishsort.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
	cout << "按照英语成绩排序后的结果已输出至englishsort.dat" << endl;
	fout << "按照英语成绩排序后的结果" << endl;
	for (int i = 0;i<j; i++) {
		fout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showPE() << endl;

	}
}

void stusortM(addressbooks* abs2) {			//采用冒泡排序算法,记录下数据条的变化，输出时改变顺序即可
	getdata(abs2);
	int sortn[max];
	float score[max];
	int tmpn[max + 1];
	int j = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < abs2->showsize(); j++) {
		tmpn[j] = j;
	}
	tmpn[j] = '\0';
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		score[i] = abs2->studentarray[i].showMath();
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < abs2->showsize() - i - 1; j++) {
			if (score[j] < score[j + 1]) {
				int temp;
				int tempn;
				temp = score[j + 1];
				tempn = tmpn[j];
				tmpn[j] = tmpn[j+1];
				score[j + 1] = score[j];
				tmpn[j + 1] = tempn;
				score[j] = temp;

			}
		}
	}
	ofstream fout;
	fout.open("mathsort.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
	cout << "按照数学成绩排序后的结果已输出至mathsort.dat" << endl;
	fout << "按照数学成绩排序后的结果" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
		cout << tmpn[i] << " ";
	}
	for (int i = 0; i<j; i++) {
		fout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showPE() << endl;

	}
}

void stusortPr(addressbooks* abs2) {			//采用冒泡排序算法,记录下数据条的变化，输出时改变顺序即可
	getdata(abs2);
	int sortn[max];
	float score[max];
	int tmpn[max + 1];
	int j = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < abs2->showsize(); j++) {
		tmpn[j] = j;
	}
	tmpn[j] = '\0';
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		score[i] = abs2->studentarray[i].showProgram();
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < abs2->showsize() - i - 1; j++) {
			if (score[j] < score[j + 1]) {
				int temp;
				int tempn;
				temp = score[j + 1];
				tempn = tmpn[j];
				tmpn[j] = tmpn[j+1];
				score[j + 1] = score[j];
				tmpn[j + 1] = tempn;
				score[j] = temp;

			}
		}
	}
	ofstream fout;
	fout.open("programsort.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
	cout << "按照程序设计成绩排序后的结果已输出至programsort.dat" << endl;
	fout << "按照程序设计成绩排序后的结果" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i<j; i++) {
		fout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showPE() << endl;

	}
}

void stusortPE(addressbooks* abs2) {			//采用冒泡排序算法,记录下数据条的变化，输出时改变顺序即可
	getdata(abs2);
	int sortn[max];
	float score[max];
	int tmpn[max + 1];
	int j = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < abs2->showsize(); j++) {
		tmpn[j] = j;
	}
	tmpn[j] = '\0';
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		score[i] = abs2->studentarray[i].showPE();
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < abs2->showsize(); i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < abs2->showsize() - i - 1; j++) {
			if (score[j] < score[j + 1]) {
				int temp;
				int tempn;
				temp = score[j + 1];
				tempn = tmpn[j];
				tmpn[j] = tmpn[j+1];
				score[j + 1] = score[j];
				tmpn[j + 1] = tempn;
				score[j] = temp;

			}
		}
	}
	ofstream fout;
	fout.open("pesort.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
	cout << "按照体育成绩排序后的结果已输出至pesort.dat" << endl;
	fout << "按照体育成绩排序后的结果" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i<j; i++) {
		fout << "学生: " << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showname() << " 性别：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showGender() << " 学号：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showid() << " 的英语成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showEnglish() << " 数学成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showMath() << " 程序设计成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showProgram() << " 体育成绩为：" << abs2->studentarray[tmpn[i]].showPE() << endl;

	}
}

void exit() {
	ifstream fin;
	fin.open("student.dat", ios_base::in);
	string temps;
	fin >> temps;
	if (temps != "\0") {
		ofstream fout;			//创建对象管理输出流
		fout.open("student.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::app);
		fout << " end";			//记录结束信号
	}
}

void showmenu1()		//显示一级菜单
{
	cout << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "|                  0、退出系统                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  1、写入数据                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  2、查找学生                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  3、计算平均                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  4、进行排序                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  5、清除数据                 |" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << "注意：本系统目前支持查找前30个学生的数据。如要扩增，修改max的定义值即可,但可能会超出堆栈保留大小" << endl;
	cout << "提示：如在执行写入操作之后需进行除写入以及清除以外的操作，请先退出系统重新进入" << endl;
}

void showmenu2(addressbooks* abs2)		//显示查找学生数据的二级菜单
{
	
	int select;
	cout << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "|                  0、返回上页                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  1、姓名查找                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  2、学号查找                 |" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << " ===================查找模块===================" << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请选择模式：" << endl;
	cin >> select;
	switch (select)					//模式选择
	{
	case 0:system("cls"); break;
	case 1:namesearch(abs2); break;
	case 2:idsearch(abs2); break;
	case -1:; break;
	default:break;
	}

}

void showmenu3(addressbooks* abs2)		//显示查找学生数据的二级菜单
{
	abs2->inisize();
	int sortn[max];
	int select;
	cout << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "|                  0、返回上页                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  1、英语排序                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  2、数学排序                 |" << endl;
	cout << "|                3、程序设计排序               |" << endl;
	cout << "|                  4、体育排序                 |" << endl;
	cout << " ----------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << " ===================查找模块===================" << endl;
	cout << " ===============学生学籍管理系统===============" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请选择模式：" << endl;
	cin >> select;
	switch (select)					//模式选择
	{
	case 0:system("cls"); break;
	case 1:stusortE(abs2); break;
	case 2:stusortM(abs2); break;
	case 3:stusortPr(abs2); break;
	case 4:stusortPE(abs2); break;
	default:break;
	}

}

int main() {
	addressbooks abs1;	//用于写入
	addressbooks abs2;	//用于获取
	abs1.inisize();		//初始化本次数据总量
	abs2.inisize();
	int select;
	while (true)					//显示菜单界面
	{
		showmenu1();
		cout << "请选择模式：" << endl;
		cin >> select;
		switch (select)					//模式选择
		{
		case 0:exit(); cout << "感谢使用。" << endl; return 0; break;	//退出系统
		case 1:addstudent(&abs1); break;		//添加数据
		case 2:showmenu2(&abs2); break;		//进入查询二级菜单
		case 3:average(&abs2); break;			//计算平均分
		case 4:showmenu3(&abs2); break;						//进入排序二级菜单
		case 5:clear(); break;				//清除文件中的所有数据
		default:system("cls"); cout << "输入不合规范,请重新输入。" << endl; break;
		}
	}
}