Python中，删除列表中包含某个数的所有元素

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-13 15:27:19 发布

taco_HUA_James

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-13 15:27:19 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python 开发语言后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_54446346/article/details/122040941

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常见问题和错误

错误代码：

def Wrong():
    print(f'Function runing');

    mm = input("please input the number you wanner delete:\n")
    num = list(range(98, 122))
    for i in num:
        m = i
        while m != 0:
            x = m% 10
            if x == int(mm):   #注意input的返回值是字符串类型，即使输入的是数字，也无法直接和数字比较
                num.remove(i)
                break
            m = int(m/10)   #此处必须取整否则会出现小数情况，而导致%运算混乱

    print(num)

if __name__ == "__main__":
	Wrong()

运行结果：

Function runing
please input the number you wanner delete:
1
[99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121]

Process finished with exit code 0

以上代码在执行时会由于列表发生变化，从而导致循环混乱，此处想具体观察列表变化和调试可以通过将列表调小，加入一些print语句来显示特定值或列表的方式。

测试代码：

def Wrong():
    print(f'Function runing');

    mm = input("please input the number you wanner delete:\n")
    num = list(range(9, 12))
    for i in num:
        m = i
        while m != 0:
            x = m % 10
            if x == int(mm):
                num.remove(i)
                break
            m = int(m/10);
    print(num)

if __name__ == "__main__":
	Wrong()

输出结果：

Function runing
please input the number you wanner delete:
1
[9, 11]

Process finished with exit code 0

分析：
使用print语句看清具体值，以及列表的变化

def Wrong():
    print(f'Function runing');

    mm = input("please input the number you wanner delete:\n")
    num = list(range(9, 12))
    for i in num:
        m = i
        print(f'The start {num}')
        print(f'The start {m}')
        while m != 0:
            x = m % 10
            if x == int(mm):
                num.remove(i)
                break
            m = int(m/10);
            print(f'm= {m}')
        print(f'The last {num}')

    print(num)
if __name__ == "__main__":
	Wrong()

结果显示：

Function runing
please input the number you wanner delete:
1
The start [9, 10, 11]
The start 9
m= 0
The last [9, 10, 11]
The start [9, 10, 11]
The start 10
m= 1
The last [9, 11]
[9, 11]

Process finished with exit code 0

由此可见当删除第一个元素后，由于for 循环还保持着原先顺序，但是列表已经改变，从而导致循环无法进行，就以上代码而言，当i=10时，列表中删除之后，循环本应进行到原本10的后面的数，但10被删除后，后一个数就相当于向前移动了一位，可以把列表看做座位的集合，而for循环中i就相当于访问每一个座位，10被删除后，本来最后一个座位上的是11，但由于前一位上的数被删除了，所以自然就成了那个位上的数。当for走到11的位子上时，则会显示此位上无数，因此停止循环。

正解

for循环思路

def num_list():

    num = list(range(98,122))
    figure = [] #一个空列表，来装除删除元素之外的所有数

    mm = input("please input the number you wanner delete:\n")
    for i in num:
        m = i
        flag = 0    #作为标记作用
        while m != 0:
            x = m % 10
            if x != int(mm):
                flag += 1

            else:
                flag = 0  #一旦出现要求删除的数，马上标记清零，然后退出循环。
                break
            m = int(m / 10)
        if flag != 0:   #由于前面else语句，如果是要删除的数，flag一定为0
            figure.append(i)
    print(figure)

运行结果


please input the number you wanner delete:
1
[98, 99]

Process finished with exit code 0;

具体原理:
由于for循环的删除效果不行，所以采取另外一个思想，就是不对列表本身采取任何措施，把有用的取出来，放到其他地方。
如果该数符合我的条件，就会进入另外列表，若不符则留在原来列表，而题目要求删除包含某个值的数，而我采用把不包含某个值的数放入另一个列表了。

while 循环思路

def while_list():
    mm = input("please input the number you wanner delete:\n")
    num = list(range(99, 122))
    i = 0
    while i <= len(num) -1:
        m = num[i]
        print('j')   #单独一个分隔标记
        print(num)
        while m != 0:
            x = m % 10
            if x == int(mm):
                num.remove(num[i])
                i = i-1
                break
            m = int(m / 10) #此处必须取整，否则出现小数会导致循环混乱，同时此处语句主要作用是取出其除开x的其他数字
        i += 1
    print(f'The last is {num}')

运行结果：

please input the number you wanner delete:
1
j
[99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 118, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 119, 120, 121]
j
[99, 120, 121]
j
[99, 121]
The last is [99]