C++类的组合

目录

一、类的组合

        1.以另一个类的对象为数据成员

        2.类中类

二、C++类中默认的函数

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一、类的组合

        1.以另一个类的对象为数据成员

                ● 构造函数的写法，必须采用初始化参数列表的写法

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Boy
{
public:
	Boy(string name, int age) :name(name), age(age){}
	void print()
	{
		cout << name << "\t" << age << endl;
	}
protected:
	string name;
	int age;
	void printData()
	{
		cout << name << "\t" << age << endl;
	}
};
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, string bname, int age, int bage):name(name),age(age),boy(bname,age){}
    //也可以这样构建构造函数
	Person(string name, int age) :name(name), age(age), boy("Mr Y", 19){}
	void print()
	{
		boy.print();
		cout << name << "\t" << age << endl;
		//boy.printData();
        //--->不可访问，受权限限制，boy对于Boy是类外，不可直接访问保护属性
	}
protected:
	string name;
	int age;
	Boy boy;//不能直接初始化
	
};
int main()
{
	Person MM("Miss Du", "Mr y", 19, 20);
	MM.print();
	Person mm("Miss Du", 19);
	mm.print();
	while (1);
	return 0;
}

                ● 类的组合构造顺序问题: 构造顺序只和定义对象顺序的有关，和初始化参数列表无关 

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
	A(string str) :str(str)
	{
		cout << "A:" << "\t";
		cout << str << endl;;
	}
	string str;
};
class B
{
public:
	B(string str) :str(str)
	{
		cout << "B:" << "\t";
		cout << str << endl;
	}
	string str;
};
class C
{
public:
	C(string str) :str(str)
	{
		cout << "C:" << "\t";
		cout << str << endl;
	}
	string str;
};
class D
{
public:
	//构造顺序只和定义对象顺序的有关，和初始化参数列表无关 
	D(string stra, string strb, string strc) :b(strb), c(strc), a(stra)
	{
		cout << "D:" << "\t";
		cout << "D" << endl << endl;;
	}
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
};


int main()
{
	D d("A", "B", "C");		//输出A：A
							//	  B: B
							//	  C: C
							//	  D: D
	while (1);
	return 0;
}

        2.类中类

                (1).依旧受权限限定

                (2).访问方式--->需要类名限定

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
	int data;
	Node* next;
	Node()
	{
		this->next = nullptr;
	}
	Node(int data)//创建新结点
	{
		this->next = nullptr;
		this->data = data;
	}
};
class List
{
public:
	//类中类
	class iterator//迭代器-->类模仿指针行为
	{
	public:
		iterator(Node* pMove=nullptr) :pMove(pMove){}
		void operator=(Node* pMove)
		{
			this->pMove = pMove;
		}
		bool operator!=(Node* pMove)
		{
			return (this->pMove) != pMove;
		}
		iterator operator++()
		{
			pMove=pMove->next;
			return iterator(pMove);
		}
		Node*& operator*()
		{
			return pMove;
		}
	protected:
		Node* pMove;
	};
	Node* begin()
	{
		return headNode->next;
	}
	Node* end()
	{
		return nullptr;
	}
	List()
	{
		headNode = new Node;
	}
	void push_front(int data)//头插入节点
	{
		Node* newNode = new Node(data);
		newNode->next = headNode->next;
		this->headNode->next = newNode;
	}
protected:
	Node* headNode;
};

class A
{
public:
	enum date{mon,tur,wed,thur,fri,sta,sund};
protected:
	enum weather{sun,moon,afternoon};
	//类中的枚举类型受权限限定
};

int main()
{
	List list;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		list.push_front(i);
	}
	List::iterator iter;
	for (iter = list.begin(); iter != list.end(); iter++)
	{
		cout << (*iter)->data<<" ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << A::date::mon << endl;
	//cout << A::weather::moon;---->不可访问
	while (1);
	return 0;
}

二、C++类中默认的函数

        ● 默认构造函数

        ● 默认析构函数

        ● 默认拷贝构造函数

        ●  默认赋值运算

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
	Person() = default;//默认构造函数
	Person(Person& object) = default;//默认拷贝构造函数
	~Person() = default;
	//void print() = default;
	//=default 只能出现在默认构造函数、复制/移动构造函数、复制/移动赋值运算符和析构函数中
	Person& operator=(Person& object) = default;
protected:
	string name;
	int age;
};
int main()
{
	Person MM;
	Person GG;
	Person mm = MM;
	Person gg(GG);
	MM = GG;
	while (1);
	return 0;
}

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