主要内容
开发一个图书信息管理系统,图书信息包括:书名、作者、类别、价格、是否借出等基本信息(也可以根据自己情况进行扩充,比如出版社、库存量等)。使之能提供以下基本功能:
(1)添加书籍
(2)删除书籍
(3)更新书籍
(4)查询书籍
(5)显示书籍列表
(6)借书
(7)还书
思维导图(设计框架)
建包结构
具体代码
1.建立Book包中的book类,用于存放书籍的所有属性,优点在于可以方便的添加属性~并且重写了toString方法,让图书信息按照我们所要求的格式输出。
package book_management.book;
/**
* 书本类
*/
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private double price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrow;
public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrow() {
return isBorrow;
}
public void setBorrow(boolean borrow) {
isBorrow = borrow;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", isBorrow=" + isBorrow +
'}';
}
}
2.建立Book包中的bookList类,用于存放所有的书籍,以及对书籍进行操作的方法。并且建立了静态代码块,让四大名著初始化于书架当中。
package book_management.book;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 书架类
*/
public class BookList {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
private static List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
private static List<String> bookname = new ArrayList<>();
static {
books.add(new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中", 66.6, "小说"));
books.add(new Book("水浒传", "施耐庵", 77.7, "小说"));
books.add(new Book("红楼梦", "曹雪芹", 88.8, "小说"));
books.add(new Book("西游记", "吴承恩", 99.9, "小说"));
bookname.add("三国演义");
bookname.add("水浒传");
bookname.add("红楼梦");
bookname.add("西游记");
}
public boolean contains(String bookname) {
return BookList.bookname.contains(bookname);
}
public Book returnNameBook(String bookname) {
for (Book book : books) {
if (book.getName().equals(bookname)) {
return book;
}
}
return null;
}
public void add(Book book){
books.add(book);
bookname.add(book.getName());
}
public void remove(Book book) {
books.remove(book);
bookname.remove(book.getName());
}
public void listbook() {
for(Book book : books){
System.out.println(book);
}
}
public void borrow(Book book) {
book.setBorrow(true);
}
public void returnBook(Book book) {
book.setBorrow(false);
}
public void find(Book book) {
System.out.println(book);
}
public void update(Book book) {
System.out.print("请输入价格:");
book.setPrice(scanner.nextInt());
System.out.print("请输入类型:");
book.setType(scanner.next());
}
}
其中,books存放了所有当前书架中的书,每个Book对象就是一本书的实体。通过booksname存放了所有的书本名称 - 可以通过查询书籍通过书名来操作。
private static List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
private static List<String> bookname = new ArrayList<>();
此处为何使用static修饰这两个属性呢?
首先要知道static的特点:所有对象共享此变量 ~
若不是static变量,每当产生一个BookList对象,每个对象都有自己的books属性 ,向books中添加一本新的书籍时,对于其他的BookList对象而言是不可见的这样是不合理的。
3.建立操作书架的接口,因为我们之后要面向对象--管理员和用户,而且不同对象的功能不同,此时需要考虑的多态了,可以通过接口的引用调用这个类重写接口的方法,这些类就可以实现一个共同的接口IOperation,让这个接口定义一个work方法,其他的类都去重写这个方法,那么我们就可以通过接口调用这些方法了。
package book_management.operation;
import book_management.book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public interface IOperation {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
void work(BookList bookList);
}
4.建立User类,抽象类。
package book_management.operation;
import book_management.book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public interface IOperation {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
void work(BookList bookList);
}
其中这一条是接口数组,而不是具体的类,接口数组里的成员则可以是实现这个接口的类,这就意味着当我们数组里的成员不同时,可以调用的方法也将不同。达到了面向对象的目的。
protected IOperation[] operations;
为何要把具体的操作抽象一层接口,而不使用具体的类呢?
是为了方便扩展和修改对书籍的操作~~
5.建立Admin和NormalUser
package book_management.user;
import book_management.operation.IOperation;
import book_management.operation.impl.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Admin extends User{
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
public Admin(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new AddOperation(),
new RemoveOperation(),
new UpdateOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new ListOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("===========================================");
System.out.println("欢迎" + this.name + "登陆图书管理系统");
System.out.println("1.添加书籍");
System.out.println("2.删除书籍");
System.out.println("3.更新书籍");
System.out.println("4.查询书籍");
System.out.println("5.显示当前书籍列表");
System.out.println("-1.退出");
System.out.print("请输入你的选择:");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == -1){
scanner.close();
//关闭输入
}
System.out.println("===========================================");
return choice;
}
}
package book_management.user;
import book_management.operation.IOperation;
import book_management.operation.impl.BorrowOperation;
import book_management.operation.impl.FindOperation;
import book_management.operation.impl.ListOperation;
import book_management.operation.impl.ReturnOperation;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
public NormalUser(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.operations = new IOperation[]{
new ListOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("===========================================");
System.out.println("欢迎" + this.name + "登陆图书管理系统");
System.out.println("1.显示当前的书籍列表");
System.out.println("2.查询书籍");
System.out.println("3.借阅书籍");
System.out.println("4.归还书籍");
System.out.println("-1.退出");
System.out.print("请输入你的选择:");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == -1){
scanner.close();
//关闭输入
}
System.out.println("===========================================");
return choice;
}
}
6.最后根据需求,编写各个功能,写在impl包当中,以下以添加书籍为例展示代码:
package book_management.operation.impl;
import book_management.book.Book;
import book_management.book.BookList;
import book_management.operation.IOperation;
/**
* 添加书籍
*/
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("您现在进行的是添加书籍操作");
System.out.println("请输入书籍名称");
String name = scanner.next();
if(bookList.contains(name)){
System.out.println("书本已存在");
return;
}
System.out.println("请输入作者:");
String author = scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入价格:");
double price = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("请输入书籍类别:");
String type = scanner.next();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
bookList.add(book);
System.out.println("添加成功~~");
}
}
7.Main包
在通过一个循环可以调用这些方法,直至退出系统。
建立一个login方法,用于接收User类型的参数,如果是管理员则为new Administrator();普通用户则为new Normaluser();
package book_management;
import book_management.book.BookList;
import book_management.user.AdminUser;
import book_management.user.NormalUser;
import book_management.user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = login();
BookList bookList = new BookList();
while (true){
int choice = user.menu();
if(choice == -1){
System.out.println("拜拜~~");
break;
}
user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
}
}
public static User login(){
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("请选择您的角色,1表示普通用户,0表示管理员");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == 1){
return new NormalUser(name);
}else {
return new AdminUser(name);
}
}
}
如有疑问欢迎留言~
(来自不会敲代码的卑微贝贝)