38.字符串函数及模拟实现

strlen:

strlen:
int my_strlen(const char* str)
{
	assert(str != NULL);

	int count = 0;//计数器
	while (*str != '\0')
	{
		count++;
		str++;
	}
	return count;
}

int main()
{
	char arr[] = "abc";
	//char arr[] = { 'a','b','c'};   没\0 err

	int len = my_strlen(arr);

	printf("%d\n", len);
	return 0;
}

strcpy:char * strcpy(char * destination,const char * source)
 

int main()
{
	char arr[20] = { 0 };
	//arr = "hello" err
	strcpy(arr, "hello");	//string copy
	//会把'\0'拷贝过去，并且\0是strcpy终止条件
	//目标空间要足够大，并且可变，
	char arr2[] = { 'a','b','c' };
	strcpy(arr, arr2);		//err
	printf("%s\n", arr);
	return 0;
}

strcat:char * strcat(char * destination,const char * source)
 

char* my_strcat(char* dest, const char* src)
{
	char* ret = dest;
	assert(dest && src);
	//1.找到目标字符串中的\0
	while (*dest)
	{
		dest++;
	}
	//2.源数据追加过去，包含\0
	while (*dest++ = *src++)
	{
		;
	}
	return ret;//返回目标空间的起始地址
}
int main()
{
	char arr1[20] = "hello ";
	char arr2[] = "world";

	//strcat(arr1, arr2);//字符串追加,不能自己给自己追加
	//my_strcat(arr1, arr2);

	printf("%s\n", my_strcat(arr1,arr2));
	return 0;
}

strcmp:int strcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2)
 

int main()
{
	char* p = "abc";
	char* q = "abcdef";

	//错误的方法:
	//if (p > q)  or ("abc" > "abcdef")
	//{
	//	printf(">\n");
	//}
	//else
	//{
	//	printf("<\n");
	//}

	//strcmp - 字符串比较大小的
	int ret = strcmp("abc", "abcdef");
	printf("%d\n", ret);
	//return < 0 :ptr1<ptr2 , =0: prt1=ptr2 , >0:prt1>prt2
	return 0;
}

模拟实现strcmp:
 

int my_strcmp(const char* s1, const char* s2)
{
	assert(s1 && s2);
	while (*s1 == *s2)
	{
		if (*s1 == '\0')
		{
			return 0;
		}
		s1++;
		s2++;
	}

	return *s1 - *s2;

	//太麻烦了
	//if (*s1 > *s2)
	//{
	//	return 1;
	//}
	//else
	//{
	//	return -1;
	//}

}

int main()
{
	char* p = "abcdef";
	char* q = "abbb";
	int ret = my_strcmp(p, q);

	if (ret > 0)
	{
		printf("p > q\n");
	}
	else if (ret < 0)
	{
		printf("q < p\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("p = q\n");
	}
	return 0;
}

strcpy, strcat, strcmp  --  长度不受限制的字符串函数
strncpy strncat strncmp  -- 长度受限制的字符串函数

strncpy:char* strncpy(char* destination, const char* source, size_t num)
 

int main()
{
	char arr1[20] = "abcdef";
	char arr2[] = "qwer";
	strncpy(arr1, arr2, 2);
	printf("%s\n", arr1);//qwcdef
	return 0;
}

strncat:
 

int main()
{
	char arr1[20] = "hello ";
	char arr2[] = "world";
	strncat(arr1, arr2, 3);
	printf("%s\n", arr1);
	return 0;
}

strncmp:

int main()
{
	char* p = "abcdef";
	char* q = "abcqwert";
	int ret1 = strcmp(p, q);
	int ret2 = strncmp(p, q, 3);
	
	printf("%d %d\n", ret1, ret2);

	return 0;
}

strstr:char* strstr(const char* , const char*)
 

char* my_strstr(const char* str1, const char* str2)
{
	assert(str1 && str2);
	const char* s1 = NULL;
	const char* s2 = NULL;
	const char* cp = str1;

	if (*str2 == '\0')
	{
		return (char*)str1;
	}

	while (*cp)
	{
		s1 = cp;
		s2 = str2;
		while (*s1 && *s2 && (*s1 == *s2))
		{
			s1++;
			s2++;
		}
		if (*s2 == '\0')
		{
			return cp;
		}
		cp++;
	}
	return NULL;
}

int main()
{
	char arr1[] = "abcefabcdef";
	char arr2[] = "bcd";
	//在arr1中查找是否包含arr2数组
	//char* ret = strstr(arr1,arr2);//找到返回第一次出现的位置，不存在返回NULL
	char* ret = my_strstr(arr1, arr2);

	if (ret == NULL)
	{
		printf("没找到\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("找到了:%s\n",ret);
	}
	return 0;
}

strtok:char * strtok(char*str,const char * sep) - 切割字符串
sep参数是个字符串，定义了用作分隔符的字符集合
 

int main()
{
	char arr[] = "zpw@bitedu.tech hehe";
	char* p = "@. ";
	char tmp[30] = { 0 };
	strcpy(tmp, arr);

	char* ret = NULL;

	for (ret = strtok(tmp, p);ret != NULL;ret = strtok(NULL, p))
	{
		printf("%s\n", ret);
	}

	//代码冗余:
	//ret = strtok(tmp, p);
	//printf("%s\n", ret);
	//ret = strtok(NULL, p);
	//printf("%s\n", ret);
	//ret = strtok(NULL, p);
	//printf("%s\n", ret);

	return 0;
}

使用库函数的时候，如果失败，都会设置错误码
int errno;发生错误就会把代码放入errno
errno是全局的变量，所以要包含库函数<errno.h>
strerror:char* strerror(int errnum); - 翻译错误码
 

int main()
{
	printf("%s\n", strerror(0));
	printf("%s\n", strerror(1));
	printf("%s\n", strerror(2));
	printf("%s\n", strerror(3));
	printf("%s\n", strerror(4));
	printf("%s\n", strerror(5));

	return 0;
}