algorithm of cvroad

⼆分查找框架
int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
int left = 0, right = ...;
while(...) {
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
if (nums[mid] == target) {
	...
} 
else if (nums[mid] < target) {
		left = ...
}
 else if (nums[mid] > target) {
			right = ...
		}
	}
	return ...;
}
//查找一个数
int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
int left = 0;
int right = nums.length - 1; // 注意
while(left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
if(nums[mid] == target)
return mid;
else if (nums[mid] < target)
left = mid + 1; // 注意
else if (nums[mid] > target)
right = mid - 1; // 注意
}
return -1;
}

寻找左侧边界的⼆分搜索

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
if (nums.length == 0) return -1;
int left = 0;
int right = nums.length; // 注意
while (left < right) { // 注意
int mid = (left + right) / 2;
if (nums[mid] == target) {
right = mid;
} 
else if (nums[mid] < target) {
left = mid + 1;
} 
else if (nums[mid] > target) {
	right = mid; // 注意
	}
}
return left;
}

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
// 搜索区间为 [left, right]
while (left <= right) {
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
if (nums[mid] < target) {
// 搜索区间变为 [mid+1, right]
left = mid + 1;
} else if (nums[mid] > target) {
// 搜索区间变为 [left, mid-1]
right = mid - 1;
} else if (nums[mid] == target) {
// 收缩右侧边界
right = mid - 1;
}
}
// 检查出界情况
if (left >= nums.length || nums[left] != target)
return -1;
return left;
}

滑动窗口

/* 滑动窗口算法框架 */
void slidingWindow(string s, string t) {
    unordered_map<char, int> need, window;
    for (char c : t) need[c]++;

    int left = 0, right = 0;
    int valid = 0; 
    while (right < s.size()) {
        // c 是将移入窗口的字符
        char c = s[right];
        // 右移窗口
        right++;
        // 进行窗口内数据的一系列更新
        ...

        /*** debug 输出的位置 ***/
        printf("window: [%d, %d)\n", left, right);
        /********************/

        // 判断左侧窗口是否要收缩
        while (window needs shrink) {
            // d 是将移出窗口的字符
            char d = s[left];
            // 左移窗口
            left++;
            // 进行窗口内数据的一系列更新
            ...
        }
    }
}

递归反转链表

ListNode reverse(ListNode head) {
    if (head.next == null) return head;
    ListNode last = reverse(head.next);
    head.next.next = head;
    head.next = null;
    return last;
}