1. 冒泡排序(Bubble Sort):
void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
2. 插入排序(Insertion Sort):
void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) {
int i, key, j;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
key = arr[i];
j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
j = j - 1;
}
arr[j + 1] = key;
}
}
3. 选择排序(Selection Sort):
void selectionSort(int arr[], int n) {
int i, j, min_idx;
for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
min_idx = i;
for (j = i+1; j < n; j++) {
if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
min_idx = j;
}
int temp = arr[min_idx];
arr[min_idx] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
}
4. 快速排序(Quick Sort):
void swap(int* a, int* b) {
int t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
int pivot = arr[high];
int i = (low - 1);
for (int j = low; j <= high - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] < pivot) {
i++;
swap(&arr[i], &arr[j]);
}
}
swap(&arr[i + 1], &arr[high]);
return (i + 1);
}
void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);
quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
}
}
5. 归并排序(Merge Sort):
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
int i, j, k;
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
int L[n1], R[n2];
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
L[i] = arr[l + i];
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];
i = 0;
j = 0;
k = l;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
}
else {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i < n1) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while (j < n2) {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
void mergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) {
if (l < r) {
int m = l + (r - l) / 2;
mergeSort(arr, l, m);
mergeSort(arr, m + 1, r);
merge(arr, l, m, r);
}
}
6. 堆排序(Heap Sort):
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i) {
int largest = i;
int left = 2*i + 1;
int right = 2*i + 2;
if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest])
largest = left;
if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest])
largest = right;
if (largest != i) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[largest];
arr[largest] = temp;
heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}
void heapSort(int arr[], int n) {
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--) {
int temp = arr[0];
arr[0] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}
7. 基数排序(Radix Sort):
int getMax(int arr[], int n) {
int max = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max)
max = arr[i];
}
return max;
}
void countSort(int arr[], int n, int exp) {
int output[n];
int count[10] = { 0 };
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]++;
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
count[i] += count[i - 1];
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
output[count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];
count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] = output[i];
}
void radixSort(int arr[], int n) {
int max = getMax(arr, n);
for (int exp = 1; max / exp > 0; exp *= 10)
countSort(arr, n, exp);
}
以下是一个使用C语言编写的希尔排序代码示例:
#include <stdio.h>
void shellSort(int arr[], int n) {
// 使用Knuth序列计算增量值
int gap = 1;
while (gap < n / 3) {
gap = gap * 3 + 1;
}
while (gap > 0) {
// 对每个间隔进行插入排序
for (int i = gap; i < n; i++) {
int temp = arr[i];
int j = i;
while (j >= gap && arr[j - gap] > temp) {
arr[j] = arr[j - gap];
j -= gap;
}
arr[j] = temp;
}
// 减小增量
gap /= 3;
}
}
int main() {
int arr[] = {5, 9, 3, 1, 6};
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
printf("原始数组:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
shellSort(arr, n);
printf("\n排序后的数组:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}
上述代码实现了希尔排序算法,通过不断缩小增量来对数组进行排序。此处使用了Knuth(洗牌算法)序列来计算增量值,并且在每个增量下都使用插入排序来对子数组进行排序。输出结果为原始数组和排序后的数组。