目录:
- 1. 理解Vuex
- 2. 求和案例
- 3. getters配置项
- 4. 四个map方法的使用
- 5. 多组件共享数据
- 6. 模块化+命名空间
1. 理解Vuex
Vuex是什么?
- 概念:专门在 Vue 中实现集中式状态(数据)管理的一个 Vue 插件,对 vue 应用中多个组件的共享状态进行集中式的管理(读/写),也是一种组件间通信的方式,且适用于任意组件间通信.
- Vuex Github地址
什么时候使用Vuex?
- 多个组件依赖于同一状态
- 来自不同组件的行为需要变更同一状态
Vuex工作原理图
2.求和案例
使用纯vue编写
app.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count},
}
</script>
count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<select v-model="n">
<option :value="1">1</option>
<option :value="2">2</option>
<option :value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1,
sum: 0
}
},
methods: {
increment() {
this.sum += this.n
},
decrement() {
this.sum -= this.n
},
incrementOdd() {
if (this.sum % 2) {
this.sum += this.n
}
},
incrementWait() {
setTimeout(() => {
this.sum += this.n
}, 500)
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
运行结果:
搭建Vuex环境
下载 Vuex:
npm i vuex@3
src/store/index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作、处理业务逻辑
const actions = {}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count},
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
sum:0 //当前的和
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.sum += this.n
},
decrement(){
this.sum -= this.n
},
incrementOdd(){
if(this.sum % 2){
this.sum += this.n
}
},
incrementWait(){
setTimeout(()=>{
this.sum += this.n
},500)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
使用Vuex编写
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
},
incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
},
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
}
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
sum:0 //当前的和
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/demo3/test29/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
运行结果:
总结:
Vuex的基本使用:
1.初始化数据state
,配置actions
、mutations
,操作文件store.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//引用Vuex
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
//响应组件中加的动作
jia(context,value){
// console.log('actions中的jia被调用了',miniStore,value)
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
}
const mutations = {
//执行加
JIA(state,value){
// console.log('mutations中的JIA被调用了',state,value)
state.sum += value
}
}
//初始化数据
const state = {
sum:0
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
})
2.组件中读取vuex中的数据:$store.state.sum
3.组件中修改vuex中的数据:$store.dispatch('action中的方法名',数据) 或 $store.commit('mutations中的方法名',数据)
- 备注:若没有网络请求或其他业务逻辑,组件中也可以越过
actions
,即不写dispatch
,直接编写commit
3.getters配置项
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<h2>当前求和放大10倍为:{{$store.getters.bigSum}}</h2>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
},
incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
getters.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
addOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}
},
addWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}, 500)
},
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
ADD(state, value) {
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state, value) {
state.sum -= value
}
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
sum: 0 //当前的和
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10
}
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
运行结果:
总结:
getters
配置项的使用:
-
概念:当
state
中的数据需要经过加工后再使用时,可以使用getters
加工 -
在
store.js
中追加getters
配置
...
const getters = {
bigSum(state){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
...
getters
})
-
组件中读取数据:
$store.getters.bigSum
4. 四个map方法的使用
mapState与mapGetters
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
<h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters} from 'vuex'
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: 'Count',
data() {
return {
n: 1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
computed: {
//靠程序员自己亲自去写计算属性
// sum() {
// return this.$store.state.sum
// },
// school() {
// return this.$store.state.school
// },
// subject() {
// return this.$store.state.subject
// },
// bigSum() {
// return this.$store.getters.bigSum
// }
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject']),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
},
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
},
decrement() {
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
},
incrementOdd() {
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
},
incrementWait() {
this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
addOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}
},
addWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}, 500)
},
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
ADD(state, value) {
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state, value) {
state.sum -= value
}
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
sum: 0,//当前的和,
school: '尚硅谷',
subject: '前端'
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10
}
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
运行结果:
总结:
-
mapState方法:用于帮助我们映射
state
中的数据computed: { //借助mapState生成计算属性:sum、school、subject(对象写法) ...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',subject:'subject'}), //借助mapState生成计算属性:sum、school、subject(数组写法) ...mapState(['sum','school','subject']), },
mapActions与mapMutations
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
<h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<!-- <button @click="ADD(n)">+</button>-->
<!-- <button @click="SUBTRACT(n)">-</button>-->
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
<!-- <button @click="addOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>-->
<!-- <button @click="addWait(n)">等一等再加</button>-->
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: 'Count',
data() {
return {
n: 1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
computed: {
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject']),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
},
methods: {
// 程序员亲自写方法
// increment() {
// this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
// },
// decrement() {
// this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
// },
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations({increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(数组写法)
// ...mapMutations(['ADD', 'SUBTRACT']),
// 程序员亲自写方法
// incrementOdd() {
// this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
// },
// incrementWait() {
// this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
// },
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions({incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'}),
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(数组写法)
// ...mapActions(['addOdd', 'addWait'])
},
}
</script>
<style>
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Count}
}
</script>
index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
addOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}
},
addWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}, 500)
},
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
ADD(state, value) {
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state, value) {
state.sum -= value
}
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
sum: 0,//当前的和,
school: '尚硅谷',
subject: '前端'
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10
}
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
运行结果:
总结:
-
mapActions方法:用于帮助我们生成与
actions
对话的方法,即:包含$store.dispatch(xxx)
的函数methods:{ //靠mapActions生成:incrementOdd、incrementWait(对象形式) ...mapActions({incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'}) //靠mapActions生成:incrementOdd、incrementWait(数组形式) ...mapActions(['jiaOdd','jiaWait']) }
-
mapMutations方法:用于帮助我们生成与
mutations
对话的方法,即:包含$store.commit(xxx)
的函数methods:{ //靠mapActions生成:increment、decrement(对象形式) ...mapMutations({increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}), //靠mapMutations生成:JIA、JIAN(对象形式) ...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN']), }
- 备注:
mapActions
与mapMutations
使用时,若需要传递参数,则需要在模板中绑定事件时传递好参数,否则参数是事件对象
5.多组件共享数据
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
<h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
<h1 style="color: red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<!-- <button @click="ADD(n)">+</button>-->
<!-- <button @click="SUBTRACT(n)">-</button>-->
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
<!-- <button @click="addOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>-->
<!-- <button @click="addWait(n)">等一等再加</button>-->
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: 'Count',
data() {
return {
n: 1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
computed: {
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject', 'personList']),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
},
methods: {
// 程序员亲自写方法
// increment() {
// this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
// },
// decrement() {
// this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
// },
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations({increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(数组写法)
// ...mapMutations(['ADD', 'SUBTRACT']),
// 程序员亲自写方法
// incrementOdd() {
// this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
// },
// incrementWait() {
// this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
// },
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions({incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'}),
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(数组写法)
// ...mapActions(['addOdd', 'addWait'])
},
}
</script>
<style>
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
Person.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h1 style="color: red">Count组件求和为{{ sum }}</h1>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in $store.state.personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: "Person",
computed: {
personList() {
return this.$store.state.personList
},
sum() {
return this.$store.state.sum
}
},
data() {
return {
name: ''
}
},
methods: {
add() {
const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
this.$store.commit('ADD_PERSON', personObj)
this.name = ''
}
}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
<hr/>
<Person></Person>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
import Person from "@/components/Person";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Person, Count}
}
</script>
index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
addOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}
},
addWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}, 500)
},
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
ADD(state, value) {
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state, value) {
state.sum -= value
},
ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
state.personList.unshift(value)
}
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
sum: 0,//当前的和,
school: '尚硅谷',
subject: '前端',
personList: [{id: '001', name: '张三'}]
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10
}
}
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
运行结果:
6. 模块化+命名空间
Count.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
<h1>我是{{ name }},我在{{ school }}学习</h1>
<h1 style="color: red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: 'Count',
data() {
return {
n: 1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
computed: {
...mapState('countAbout', ['sum', 'school', 'name']),
...mapGetters('countAbout', ['bigSum']),
...mapState('personAbout', ['personList']),
},
methods: {
...mapMutations('countAbout', {increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),
...mapActions('countAbout', {incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'})
}
}
</script>
<style>
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
Person.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h1 style="color: red">Count组件求和为{{ sum }}</h1>
<h1>列表中第一个人的名字是:{{ firstPersonName }}</h1>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<button @click="addWang">添加一个姓王的人</button>
<button @click="addPerson">随机添加一个人</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";
export default {
// eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
name: "Person",
computed: {
personList() {
return this.$store.state.personAbout.personList
},
sum() {
return this.$store.state.countAbout.sum
},
firstPersonName() {
return this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']
}
},
data() {
return {
name: ''
}
},
methods: {
add() {
const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON', personObj)
this.name = ''
},
addWang() {
const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang', personObj)
this.name = ''
},
addPerson(){
this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonServer')
}
}
}
</script>
src/store/count.js
export default {
namespaced: true,
actions: {
addOdd(context, value) {
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}
},
addWait(context, value) {
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('ADD', value)
}, 500)
}
},
mutations: {
ADD(state, value) {
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state, value) {
state.sum -= value
}
},
state: {
sum: 0,
name: 'Tom',
school: '尚硅谷'
},
getters: {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10
}
}
}
src/store/index.js
//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import countOptions from './count'
import personOptions from './person'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
countAbout: countOptions,
personAbout: personOptions
}
})
src/store/person.js
import axios from "axios"
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";
export default {
namespaced: true,
actions: {
addPersonWang(context, value) {
if (value.name.indexOf('王') === 0) {
context.commit('ADD_PERSON', value)
} else {
alert('添加的人必须姓王!')
}
},
addPersonServer(context) {
axios.get('https://www.random.org/strings/?num=1&len=10&digits=on&upperalpha=on&loweralpha=on&unique=on&format=plain&rnd=new').then(
response => {
context.commit('ADD_PERSON', {id: nanoid(), name: response.data})
},
error => {
alert(error.message)
}
)
}
},
mutations: {
ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
state.personList.unshift(value)
}
},
state: {
personList: [
{id: '001', name: 'Tom'}
]
},
getters: {
firstPersonName(state) {
return state.personList[0].name
}
}
}
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
<hr/>
<Person></Person>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";
import Person from "@/components/Person";
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {Person, Count}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
运行结果:
总结:
模块化+命名空间:
-
目的:让代码更好维护,让多种数据分类更加明确
-
修改
store.js
:const countAbout = { namespaced:true,//开启命名空间 state:{x:1}, mutations: { ... }, actions: { ... }, getters: { bigSum(state){ return state.sum * 10 } } } const personAbout = { namespaced:true,//开启命名空间 state:{ ... }, mutations: { ... }, actions: { ... } } const store = new Vuex.Store({ modules: { countAbout, personAbout } })
-
开启命名空间后,组件中读取
state
数据://方式一:自己直接读取 this.$store.state.personAbout.list //方式二:借助mapState读取: ...mapState('countAbout',['sum','school','subject']),
-
开启命名空间后,组件中读取
getters
数据://方式一:自己直接读取 this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName'] //方式二:借助mapGetters读取: ...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum'])
-
开启命名空间后,组件中调用
dispatch
://方式一:自己直接dispatch this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang',person) //方式二:借助mapActions: ...mapActions('countAbout',{incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
-
开启命名空间后,组件中调用
commit
://方式一:自己直接commit this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON',person) //方式二:借助mapMutations: ...mapMutations('countAbout',{increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),