Vuex详解

目录:

  • 1. 理解Vuex
  • 2. 求和案例
  • 3. getters配置项
  • 4. 四个map方法的使用
  • 5. 多组件共享数据
  • 6. 模块化+命名空间

1. 理解Vuex

Vuex是什么?

  1. 概念:专门在 Vue 中实现集中式状态(数据)管理的一个 Vue 插件,对 vue 应用中多个组件的共享状态进行集中式的管理(读/写),也是一种组件间通信的方式,且适用于任意组件间通信.
  2. Vuex Github地址

什么时候使用Vuex?

  1. 多个组件依赖于同一状态
  2. 来自不同组件的行为需要变更同一状态

Vuex工作原理图 

vuex

2.求和案例

使用纯vue编写

app.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count},
}
</script>

count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
    <select v-model="n">
      <option :value="1">1</option>
      <option :value="2">2</option>
      <option :value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: "Count",
  data() {
    return {
      n: 1,
      sum: 0
    }
  },
  methods: {
    increment() {
      this.sum += this.n

    },
    decrement() {
      this.sum -= this.n
    },
    incrementOdd() {
      if (this.sum % 2) {
        this.sum += this.n

      }
    },
    incrementWait() {
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.sum += this.n
      }, 500)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
button {
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

运行结果:

搭建Vuex环境

下载 Vuex:

npm i vuex@3

 src/store/index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)
   
//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作、处理业务逻辑
const actions = {}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {}
   
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
   	actions,
   	mutations,
   	state
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Count from "@/components/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count},
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name:'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n:1, //用户选择的数字
      sum:0 //当前的和
    }
  },
  methods: {
    increment(){
      this.sum += this.n
    },
    decrement(){
      this.sum -= this.n
    },
    incrementOdd(){
      if(this.sum % 2){
        this.sum += this.n
      }
    },
    incrementWait(){
      setTimeout(()=>{
        this.sum += this.n
      },500)
    },
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button{
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

使用Vuex编写

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name:'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n:1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  methods: {
    increment(){
      this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
    },
    decrement(){
      this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
    },
    incrementOdd(){
      this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
    },
    incrementWait(){
      this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
    },
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button{
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
    addOdd(context,value){
        console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
        if(context.state.sum % 2){
            context.commit('ADD',value)
        }
    },
    addWait(context,value){
        console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
        setTimeout(()=>{
            context.commit('ADD',value)
        },500)
    },
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
    ADD(state,value){
        state.sum += value
    },
    SUBTRACT(state,value){
        state.sum -= value
    }
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
    sum:0 //当前的和
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    actions,
    mutations,
    state
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/demo3/test29/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count}
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

运行结果:

 

总结:

Vuex的基本使用:

1.初始化数据state,配置actionsmutations,操作文件store.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//引用Vuex
Vue.use(Vuex)

const actions = {
    //响应组件中加的动作
	jia(context,value){
		// console.log('actions中的jia被调用了',miniStore,value)
		context.commit('JIA',value)
	},
}

const mutations = {
    //执行加
	JIA(state,value){
		// console.log('mutations中的JIA被调用了',state,value)
		state.sum += value
	}
}

//初始化数据
const state = {
   sum:0
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
	actions,
	mutations,
	state,
})

 

2.组件中读取vuex中的数据:$store.state.sum

3.组件中修改vuex中的数据:$store.dispatch('action中的方法名',数据) 或 $store.commit('mutations中的方法名',数据)

  • 备注:若没有网络请求或其他业务逻辑,组件中也可以越过actions,即不写dispatch,直接编写commit 

 

3.getters配置项 

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
    <h2>当前求和放大10倍为:{{$store.getters.bigSum}}</h2>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name:'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n:1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  methods: {
    increment(){
      this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
    },
    decrement(){
      this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
    },
    incrementOdd(){
      this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
    },
    incrementWait(){
      this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
    },
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button{
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

getters.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
    addOdd(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
        if (context.state.sum % 2) {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }
    },
    addWait(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
        setTimeout(() => {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }, 500)
    },
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
    ADD(state, value) {
        state.sum += value
    },
    SUBTRACT(state, value) {
        state.sum -= value
    }
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
    sum: 0 //当前的和
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
    bigSum(state) {
        return state.sum * 10
    }
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    actions,
    mutations,
    state,
    getters
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count}
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

运行结果:

总结:

getters配置项的使用:

  • 概念:当state中的数据需要经过加工后再使用时,可以使用getters加工

  • store.js中追加getters配置

...
const getters = {
	bigSum(state){
		return state.sum * 10
	}
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
	...
	getters
})

 

  • 组件中读取数据:$store.getters.bigSum

 

 4. 四个map方法的使用

mapState与mapGetters

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
    <h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
    <h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters} from 'vuex'

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: 'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n: 1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  computed: {
    //靠程序员自己亲自去写计算属性
    // sum() {
    //   return this.$store.state.sum
    // },
    // school() {
    //   return this.$store.state.school
    // },
    // subject() {
    //   return this.$store.state.subject
    // },
    // bigSum() {
    //   return this.$store.getters.bigSum
    // }


    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject']),
    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),

    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
  },
  methods: {
    increment() {
      this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
    },
    decrement() {
      this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
    },
    incrementOdd() {
      this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
    },
    incrementWait() {
      this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
    },
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button {
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
    addOdd(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
        if (context.state.sum % 2) {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }
    },
    addWait(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
        setTimeout(() => {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }, 500)
    },
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
    ADD(state, value) {
        state.sum += value
    },
    SUBTRACT(state, value) {
        state.sum -= value
    }
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
    sum: 0,//当前的和,
    school: '尚硅谷',
    subject: '前端'
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
    bigSum(state) {
        return state.sum * 10
    }
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    actions,
    mutations,
    state,
    getters
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count}
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

运行结果:

 

总结:

  1. mapState方法:用于帮助我们映射state中的数据

    computed: {
        //借助mapState生成计算属性:sum、school、subject(对象写法)
         ...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',subject:'subject'}),
             
        //借助mapState生成计算属性:sum、school、subject(数组写法)
        ...mapState(['sum','school','subject']),
    },
    

mapActions与mapMutations

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
    <h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
    <h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
    <!--    <button @click="ADD(n)">+</button>-->
    <!--    <button @click="SUBTRACT(n)">-</button>-->
    <button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
    <!--    <button @click="addOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>-->
    <!--    <button @click="addWait(n)">等一等再加</button>-->
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: 'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n: 1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  computed: {
    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject']),
    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),

    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
  },
  methods: {
    // 程序员亲自写方法
    // increment() {
    //   this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
    // },
    // decrement() {
    //   this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
    // },

    //借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
    ...mapMutations({increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),

    //借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(数组写法)
    // ...mapMutations(['ADD', 'SUBTRACT']),

    // 程序员亲自写方法
    // incrementOdd() {
    //   this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
    // },
    // incrementWait() {
    //   this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
    // },

    //借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
    ...mapActions({incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'}),

    //借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(数组写法)
    // ...mapActions(['addOdd', 'addWait'])
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button {
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/Count";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Count}
}
</script>

index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
    addOdd(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
        if (context.state.sum % 2) {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }
    },
    addWait(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
        setTimeout(() => {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }, 500)
    },
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
    ADD(state, value) {
        state.sum += value
    },
    SUBTRACT(state, value) {
        state.sum -= value
    }
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
    sum: 0,//当前的和,
    school: '尚硅谷',
    subject: '前端'
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
    bigSum(state) {
        return state.sum * 10
    }
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    actions,
    mutations,
    state,
    getters
})

运行结果:

总结:

  1. mapActions方法:用于帮助我们生成与actions对话的方法,即:包含$store.dispatch(xxx)的函数

    methods:{
        //靠mapActions生成:incrementOdd、incrementWait(对象形式)
        ...mapActions({incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
    
        //靠mapActions生成:incrementOdd、incrementWait(数组形式)
        ...mapActions(['jiaOdd','jiaWait'])
    }
    

  2. mapMutations方法:用于帮助我们生成与mutations对话的方法,即:包含$store.commit(xxx)的函数

    methods:{
        //靠mapActions生成:increment、decrement(对象形式)
        ...mapMutations({increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),
        
        //靠mapMutations生成:JIA、JIAN(对象形式)
        ...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN']),
    }
    

  • 备注:mapActionsmapMutations使用时,若需要传递参数,则需要在模板中绑定事件时传递好参数,否则参数是事件对象

5.多组件共享数据 

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
    <h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
    <h1>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h1>
    <h1 style="color: red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
    <!--    <button @click="ADD(n)">+</button>-->
    <!--    <button @click="SUBTRACT(n)">-</button>-->
    <button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
    <!--    <button @click="addOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>-->
    <!--    <button @click="addWait(n)">等一等再加</button>-->
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: 'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n: 1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  computed: {
    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapState(['sum', 'school', 'subject', 'personList']),
    // 借助mapState生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapState({sum: 'sum', school: 'school', subject: 'subject'}),

    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(数组写法)
    ...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
    // 借助mapGetters生成计算属性(对象写法)
    // ...mapGetters({bigSum: 'bigSum'})
  },
  methods: {
    // 程序员亲自写方法
    // increment() {
    //   this.$store.commit('ADD', this.n)
    // },
    // decrement() {
    //   this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT', this.n)
    // },

    //借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
    ...mapMutations({increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),

    //借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(数组写法)
    // ...mapMutations(['ADD', 'SUBTRACT']),

    // 程序员亲自写方法
    // incrementOdd() {
    //   this.$store.dispatch('addOdd', this.n)
    // },
    // incrementWait() {
    //   this.$store.dispatch('addWait', this.n)
    // },

    //借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
    ...mapActions({incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'}),

    //借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(数组写法)
    // ...mapActions(['addOdd', 'addWait'])
  },
}
</script>

<style>
button {
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

Person.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>人员列表</h1>
    <h1 style="color: red">Count组件求和为{{ sum }}</h1>
    <input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
    <button @click="add">添加</button>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="p in $store.state.personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: "Person",
  computed: {
    personList() {
      return this.$store.state.personList
    },
    sum() {
      return this.$store.state.sum
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      name: ''
    }
  },
  methods: {
    add() {
      const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
      this.$store.commit('ADD_PERSON', personObj)
      this.name = ''
    }
  }
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
    <hr/>
    <Person></Person>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/Count";
import Person from "@/components/Person";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Person, Count}
}
</script>

index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//准备actions对象——响应组件中用户的动作
const actions = {
    addOdd(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
        if (context.state.sum % 2) {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }
    },
    addWait(context, value) {
        console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
        setTimeout(() => {
            context.commit('ADD', value)
        }, 500)
    },
}
//准备mutations对象——修改state中的数据
const mutations = {
    ADD(state, value) {
        state.sum += value
    },
    SUBTRACT(state, value) {
        state.sum -= value
    },
    ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
        state.personList.unshift(value)
    }
}
//准备state对象——保存具体的数据
const state = {
    sum: 0,//当前的和,
    school: '尚硅谷',
    subject: '前端',
    personList: [{id: '001', name: '张三'}]
}
//准备getters—用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
    bigSum(state) {
        return state.sum * 10
    }
}

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    actions,
    mutations,
    state,
    getters
})

运行结果:

6. 模块化+命名空间

Count.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
    <h1>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h1>
    <h1>我是{{ name }},我在{{ school }}学习</h1>
    <h1 style="color: red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h1>
    <select v-model.number="n">
      <option value="1">1</option>
      <option value="2">2</option>
      <option value="3">3</option>
    </select>
    <button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
    <button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
    <button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
    <button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions} from 'vuex'

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: 'Count',
  data() {
    return {
      n: 1, //用户选择的数字
    }
  },
  computed: {
    ...mapState('countAbout', ['sum', 'school', 'name']),
    ...mapGetters('countAbout', ['bigSum']),
    ...mapState('personAbout', ['personList']),
  },
  methods: {
    ...mapMutations('countAbout', {increment: 'ADD', decrement: 'SUBTRACT'}),
    ...mapActions('countAbout', {incrementOdd: 'addOdd', incrementWait: 'addWait'})
  }
}
</script>

<style>
button {
  margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>

Person.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>人员列表</h1>
    <h1 style="color: red">Count组件求和为{{ sum }}</h1>
    <h1>列表中第一个人的名字是:{{ firstPersonName }}</h1>
    <input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
    <button @click="add">添加</button>
    <button @click="addWang">添加一个姓王的人</button>
    <button @click="addPerson">随机添加一个人</button>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";

export default {
  // eslint-disable-next-line vue/multi-word-component-names
  name: "Person",
  computed: {
    personList() {
      return this.$store.state.personAbout.personList
    },
    sum() {
      return this.$store.state.countAbout.sum
    },
    firstPersonName() {
      return this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      name: ''
    }
  },
  methods: {
    add() {
      const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
      this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON', personObj)
      this.name = ''
    },
    addWang() {
      const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name: this.name}
      this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang', personObj)
      this.name = ''
    },
    addPerson(){
      this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonServer')
    }
  }
}
</script>

src/store/count.js

export default {
    namespaced: true,
    actions: {
        addOdd(context, value) {
            if (context.state.sum % 2) {
                context.commit('ADD', value)
            }
        },
        addWait(context, value) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                context.commit('ADD', value)
            }, 500)
        }
    },
    mutations: {
        ADD(state, value) {
            state.sum += value
        },
        SUBTRACT(state, value) {
            state.sum -= value
        }
    },
    state: {
        sum: 0,
        name: 'Tom',
        school: '尚硅谷'
    },
    getters: {
        bigSum(state) {
            return state.sum * 10
        }
    }
}

src/store/index.js

//引入Vue核心库
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'

import countOptions from './count'

import personOptions from './person'

//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex)

//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
    modules: {
        countAbout: countOptions,
        personAbout: personOptions
    }
})

src/store/person.js

import axios from "axios"
import {nanoid} from "nanoid";

export default {
    namespaced: true,
    actions: {
        addPersonWang(context, value) {
            if (value.name.indexOf('王') === 0) {
                context.commit('ADD_PERSON', value)
            } else {
                alert('添加的人必须姓王!')
            }
        },
        addPersonServer(context) {
            axios.get('https://www.random.org/strings/?num=1&len=10&digits=on&upperalpha=on&loweralpha=on&unique=on&format=plain&rnd=new').then(
                response => {
                    context.commit('ADD_PERSON', {id: nanoid(), name: response.data})
                },
                error => {
                    alert(error.message)
                }
            )
        }
    },
    mutations: {
        ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
            state.personList.unshift(value)
        }
    },
    state: {
        personList: [
            {id: '001', name: 'Tom'}
        ]
    },
    getters: {
        firstPersonName(state) {
            return state.personList[0].name
        }
    }
}

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <Count></Count>
    <hr/>
    <Person></Person>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import Count from "@/components/Count";
import Person from "@/components/Person";

export default {
  name: 'App',
  components: {Person, Count}
}
</script>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
    el: "#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    store,
    beforeCreate() {
        Vue.prototype.$bus = this
    }
})

运行结果:

 

总结:

模块化+命名空间:

  1. 目的:让代码更好维护,让多种数据分类更加明确

  2. 修改store.js

    const countAbout = {
    	namespaced:true,//开启命名空间
    	state:{x:1},
        mutations: { ... },
        actions: { ... },
      	getters: {
        	bigSum(state){
           		return state.sum * 10
        	}
      	}
    }
    
    const personAbout = {
      	namespaced:true,//开启命名空间
      	state:{ ... },
      	mutations: { ... },
      	actions: { ... }
    }
    
    const store = new Vuex.Store({
      	modules: {
        	countAbout,
        	personAbout
      	}
    })
    

  3. 开启命名空间后,组件中读取state数据:

    //方式一:自己直接读取
    this.$store.state.personAbout.list
    //方式二:借助mapState读取:
    ...mapState('countAbout',['sum','school','subject']),
    

  4. 开启命名空间后,组件中读取getters数据:

    //方式一:自己直接读取
    this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']
    //方式二:借助mapGetters读取:
    ...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum'])
    

  5. 开启命名空间后,组件中调用dispatch

    //方式一:自己直接dispatch
    this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang',person)
    //方式二:借助mapActions:
    ...mapActions('countAbout',{incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
    

  6. 开启命名空间后,组件中调用commit

    //方式一:自己直接commit
    this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON',person)
    //方式二:借助mapMutations:
    ...mapMutations('countAbout',{increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),
    

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