结构体；共用体；枚举类型；位运算

1.结构体的存储：
    struct date 
    {
        char a;
        int year;
        int mon;
        int day;
    }

    struct date d;

    1.内存对齐：
        1.存放结构体成员变量,必须保证前面的长度为成员变量所占空间大小的整数倍
        2.结构体整体的大小必须为最大类型长度的整数倍

#include <stdio.h>

struct s
{
	char a;
	int b;
	short c;
};

int main(void)
{
	printf("%ld\n", sizeof(struct s));
	
	return 0;
}

2.结构体传参：
    struct date GetDate(void);
    int PutDate(struct date d);
    int GetDateByPoint(struct date *pd);
    int PutDateByPoint(struct date *pd);
    

#include <stdio.h>

struct date 
{
	int year;
	int mon;
	int day;
};

int PrintDate(struct date tmp)
{
	printf("%d-%d-%d\n", tmp.year, tmp.mon, tmp.day);

	return 0;
}

struct date GetDate(void)
{
	struct date tmp;

	scanf("%d%d%d", &tmp.year, &tmp.mon, &tmp.day);
	
	return tmp;
}

int GetDateByPoint(struct date *pd)
{
	scanf("%d%d%d", &pd->year, &pd->mon, &pd->day);

	return 0;
}

int PutDateByPoint(struct date *pd)
{
	printf("%04d-%02d-%02d\n", pd->year, pd->mon, pd->day);

	return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
	struct date d;
	
//	d = GetDate();
//	PrintDate(d);
	
	GetDateByPoint(&d);
	PutDateByPoint(&d);

	return 0;
}

    
3.结构体数组：
    int PutAllStuInfo(struct student *pstu, int len);
 

#include <stdio.h>

struct student 
{
	char name[32];
	char sex;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int PutAllStuInfo(struct student *pstu, int len)
{
	int i = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
#if 0
		printf("姓名:%s\n", pstu[i].name);
		printf("性别:%c\n", pstu[i].sex);
		printf("年龄:%d\n", pstu[i].age);
		printf("成绩:%d\n", pstu[i].score);
		
		printf("姓名:%s\n", (pstu+i)->name);
		printf("性别:%c\n", (pstu+i)->sex);
		printf("年龄:%d\n", (pstu+i)->age);
		printf("成绩:%d\n", (pstu+i)->score);
#endif
		printf("姓名:%s\n", pstu->name);
		printf("性别:%c\n", pstu->sex);
		printf("年龄:%d\n", pstu->age);
		printf("成绩:%d\n", pstu->score);
		pstu++;
	}

	return 0;
}

int GetAllStuInfo(struct student *pstu, int len)
{
	int i = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		gets(pstu[i].name);
		scanf("%c", &pstu[i].sex);
		scanf("%d", &pstu[i].age);
		scanf("%d", &pstu[i].score);
		getchar();
	}

	return 0;
}

int main(void)
{	
	struct student s[3];

	GetAllStuInfo(s, 3);
	PutAllStuInfo(s, 3);	

	return 0;
}

1.共用体：
    也称为联合体

#include <stdio.h>

union s 
{
	char a;
	short b;
	int c;
};

int main(void)
{
	union s s1;
	
	s1.a = 'A';
	s1.b = 200;
	s1.c = 1000000;
	printf("%c\n", s1.a);
	printf("%d\n", s1.b);
	printf("%d\n", s1.c);

	return 0;
}

2.测试一个硬件平台是大端平台？小端平台？
    1.小端：内存低地址存放低数据位称为内存小端
    2.大端：内存低地址存放高数据位称为内存大端    
 

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int num = 0x11223344;
	if (0x44 == *(char *)&num)
	{
		printf("小端!\n");
	}
	else if (0x11 == *(char *)&num)
	{
		printf("大端!\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

union s
{
	char a;
	int b;
};

int main(void)
{
	union s s1;

	s1.b = 1;
	
	if (s1.a)
	{
		printf("小端!\n");
	}
	else 
	{
		printf("大端!\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

1.枚举类型：
    1.枚举常量第一个值默认为0,后面的枚举常量为前一个枚举常量的值+1 
    2.枚举类型对应的变量的值应该为枚举常量中的值之一
    3.枚举常量可以让代码提高可读性

#include <stdio.h>

enum weekyday 
{
	Monday = 1,
	Tuesday,
	Wednesday,
	Thursday,
	Friday,
	Saturday,
	Sunday,
};

int main(void)
{
	enum weekyday day;

	scanf("%d", (int *)&day);
	
	if (Monday == day)
	{
		printf("尾号为1和6限行\n");
	}
	else if (Tuesday == day)
	{
		printf("尾号为2和7限行\n");
	}
	else if (Wednesday == day)
	{
		printf("尾号为3和8限行\n");
	}
	else if (Thursday == day)
	{
		printf("尾号为4和9限行\n");
	}
	else if (Friday == day)
	{
		printf("尾号为0和5限行\n");
	}
	
	return 0;
}

位运算：
     &      按位与
     |      按位或
     ^      按位异或        相同为0  相异为1 
     ~      按位取反
     <<     左移            
     >>     右移            让数据缩小   num /= 2 ^ n

     & 0得0 
     | 1置1 

    不改变其余位的前提下，让第n位置1
    int num: 1110 1011 
   
    num = num | (1 << n);

    不改变其余位的前提下，让第n位置0
    int num:1110 1011

    num = num & (~(1 << n));

    ^实现两个数的交换

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int num = 0;

	num = 9 & 3;
	num = 9 | 3;
	num = 9 ^ 3;
	num = ~9;
	num = 9 >> 2;
	num = 9 << 2;

	printf("num = %d\n", num);

	return 0;
}

进行数据置换：

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int a = 100;
	int b = 200;

	a = a ^ b;
	b = a ^ b;
	a = a ^ b;
	
	printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

	return 0;
}

运算符优先级：
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