OSPF综合实验（二）

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-09 23:31:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-09 23:31:55 发布

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分类专栏：网络实验 HCIP 文章标签：网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_56845076/article/details/129782273

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实验要求：
1、0SPF区域使用192.168.1.0/24网段
2、所有设备的环回地址为自己设备号
3、R4为ISP设备
4、R7作为运营商设备，但并非互联网设备
5、R6、R8、R11、R17、R14、R18之前配置Hub-Spoke架构，中心为R6
6、Area3和Area5区域使用vlink解决不规则区域
7、Area1和Area4使用重发布解决不规则区域
8、R18进行七转五操作时，不允许携带FA值
9、R8不允许将ospf 200的路由通告进骨干区域
仅当R14和R18故障时才会通告0SPF200的路由信息
10、全图不允许有环路
11、减少LSDB太小
12、优化OSPF收敛速度
13、全网可达

第一步：地址规划

192.168.1.0/24

192.168.1.0/27 //ospf 10

192.168.1.32/27 //ospf 100 area 0
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.48/28

192.168.1.64/27 //a 1

192.168.1.96/27 //a 3
192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.112/28

192.168.1.128/27 //a 4
192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.144/28

192.168.1.160/27 //a 5

192.168.1.192/27 //ospf 200

192.168.1.192/29
192.168.1.200/29
192.168.1.208/29
192.168.1.216/29

192.168.1.224/27 //保留

这里的地址规划我们按照区域进行划分

地址配置：

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 27
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 27
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32

[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.3 27
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.0.0.1 24

[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32

[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R6]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.34 28
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/01
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 117.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 187.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g1/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip add 78.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]int g2/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip add 177.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]int g3/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet3/0/0]ip add 147.1.1.2 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet3/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 32

[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 78.1.1.1 24
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.65 27
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 8.8.8.8 32

[R9]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 9.9.9.9 32
[R9-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.66 27
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.193 29

[R10]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 10.10.10.10 32
[R10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.194 29
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.201 29

[R11]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 11.11.11.11 32
[R11-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 117.1.1.1 24
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R12]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 12.12.12.12 32
[R12-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.114 28
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.162 27

[R13]int l0
[R13-LoopBack0]ip add 13.13.13.13 32
[R13-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R13-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

[R14]int l0
[R14-LoopBack0]ip add 14.14.14.14 32
[R14-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 147.1.1.1 24
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R15]int l0
[R15-LoopBack0]ip add 15.15.15.15 32
[R15-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R15-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.146 28
[R15-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R15-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.209 29

[R16]int l0
[R16-LoopBack0]ip add 16.16.16.16 32
[R16-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R16-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.210 29
[R16-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R16-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.202 29

[R17]int l0
[R17-LoopBack0]ip add 17.17.17.17 32
[R17-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R17-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 177.1.1.1 24
[R17-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R17-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.98 28
[R17-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R17-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.114 28

[R18]int l0
[R18-LoopBack0]ip add 18.18.18.18 32
[R18-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R18-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 187.1.1.1 24 
[R18-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R18-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.130 28

地址配置完成，需要进行测试，以防配置的地址有误

MGRE

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source 67.1.1.1
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

[R8]int t0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.50 28
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.1.49 67.1.1.1 re

[R18]int t0/0/0
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.51 28
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.1.49 67.1.1.1 re

[R14]int t0/0/0
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.52 28
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.1.49 67.1.1.1 re

[R17]int t0/0/0
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.53 28
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.1.49 67.1.1.1 re

[R11]int t0/0/0
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.54 28
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.1.49 67.1.1.1 re

第二步、公网配置，实现公网跑通

R3/4/5

[R3]rip 100
[R3-rip-100]v 2
[R3-rip-100]undo sum
[R3-rip-100]net 34.0.0.0

[ISP]rip 100
[ISP-rip-100]v 2
[ISP-rip-100]undo sum
[ISP-rip-100]net 4.0.0.0
[ISP-rip-100]net 34.0.0.0
[ISP-rip-100]net 45.0.0.0

[R5]rip 1
[R5-rip-1]v 2
[R5-rip-1]undo sum
[R5-rip-1]net 45.0.0.0

R6/7/8/18/14/17/11

[R6]rip 1
[R6-rip-1]v 2
[R6-rip-1]undo sum
[R6-rip-1]net 67.0.0.0

[R8]rip 1
[R8-rip-1]v 2
[R8-rip-1]undo sum
[R8-rip-1]net 78.0.0.0

[R18]rip 1
[R18-rip-1]v 2
[R18-rip-1]undo sum
[R18-rip-1]net 187.1.0.0

[R14]rip 1 
[R14-rip-1]v 2
[R14-rip-1]undo sum
[R14-rip-1]net 147.1.0.0

[R17]rip 1
[R17-rip-1]v 2
[R17-rip-1]undo sum
[R17-rip-1]net 177.1.0.0

[R11]rip 1
[R11-rip-1]v 2
[R11-rip-1]undo sum
[R11-rip-1]net 117.0.0.0

[R7]rip 1
[R7-rip-1]v 2
[R7-rip-1]undo sum
[R7-rip-1]net 67.0.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 78.0.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 187.1.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 147.1.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 177.1.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 117.0.0.0
[R7-rip-1]net 7.0.0.0

测试：当物理链路跑通那么，NHRP映射表将会去注册，查看R6NHRP映射表

第三步：ospf

ospf 10

[R1]ospf 1 rou 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[R2]ospf 10 rou 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-10]a 0
[R2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0

[R3]ospf 10 rou 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-10]a 0
[R3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0

ospf 100 area 0

[R5]ospf 100 rou 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-100]a 0
[R5-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.33 0.0.0.0

[R6]ospf 100 rou 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-100]a 0
[R6-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.49 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.34 0.0.0.0

[R8]ospf 100 rou 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-100]a 0
[R8-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 8.8.8.8 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.50 0.0.0.0

[R18]ospf 100 rou 18.18.18.18
[R18-ospf-100]a 0
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 18.18.18.18 0.0.0.0
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.51 0.0.0.0

[R14]ospf 100 rou 14.14.14.14
[R14-ospf-100]a 0
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 14.14.14.14 0.0.0.0
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.52 0.0.0.0

[R17]ospf 100 rou 17.17.17.17
[R17-ospf-100]a 0
[R17-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 17.17.17.17 0.0.0.0
[R17-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.53 0.0.0.0

[R11]ospf 100 rou 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-100]a 0
[R11-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 11.11.11.11 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.54 0.0.0.0

针对MGRE，需要添加操作使得建邻成功

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 

[R8]int t0/0/0	
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R18]int t0/0/0
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R14]int t0/0/0
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R17]int t0/0/0
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R11]int t0/0/0
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

ospf 100 area 1

[R8]ospf 100 rou 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-100]a 1
[R8-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.1.65 0.0.0.0

[R9]ospf 100 rou 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-100]a 1
[R9-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.1.66 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]net 9.9.9.9 0.0.0.0

ospf 100 area 3

[R11]ospf 100 rou 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-100]a 3
[R11-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.3]net 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0

[R17]ospf 100 rou 17.17.17.17
[R17-ospf-100]a 3
[R17-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.3]net 192.168.1.98 0.0.0.0
[R17-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.3]net 192.168.1.113 0.0.0.0

[R12]ospf 100 rou 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-100]a 3
[R12-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.3]net 12.12.12.12 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.3]net 192.168.1.114 0.0.0.0

ospf 100 area 4

[R18]ospf 100 rou 18.18.18.18
[R18-ospf-100]a 4
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.1.130 0.0.0.0

[R14]ospf 100 rou 14.14.14.14
[R14-ospf-100]a 4
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.1.129 0.0.0.0
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.1.145 0.0.0.0

[R15]ospf 100 rou 15.15.15.15
[R15-ospf-100]a 4
[R15-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]net 15.15.15.15 0.0.0.0
[R15-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]net 192.168.1.146 0.0.0.0

ospf 100 area 5

[R12]ospf 100 rou 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-100]a 5
[R12-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.5]net 192.168.1.162 0.0.0.0


[R13]ospf 100 rou 13.13.13.13
[R13-ospf-100]a 5
[R13-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.5]net 192.168.1.161 0.0.0.0
[R13-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.5]net 13.13.13.13 0.0.0.0

ospf 200

[R15]ospf 200 rou 15.15.15.15
[R15-ospf-200]a 0
[R15-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.209 0.0.0.0

[R16]ospf 200 rou 16.16.16.16
[R16-ospf-200]a 0
[R16-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 16.16.16.16 0.0.0.0
[R16-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.210 0.0.0.0
[R16-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.202 0.0.0.0

[R10]ospf 200 rou 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-200]a 0
[R10-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.10.10.10 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.194 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.201 0.0.0.0

[R9]ospf 200 rou 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-200]a 0
[R9-ospf-200-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.1.193 0.0.0.0

第四步、OSPF不规则区域

area 3和area 5使用虚链路

[R17]ospf 100
[R17-ospf-1]a 3
[R17-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 12.12.12.12

[R12]ospf 100
[R12-ospf-1]a 3
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 17.17.17.17

此处需要注意vlink环路问题

注意要进行测试

area 1和area 4使用重发布

[R9]ospf 100
[R9-ospf-100]import-route ospf 200  type 1
[R9-ospf-100]ospf 200
[R9-ospf-200]import-route ospf 100

[R15]ospf 100
[R15-ospf-100]import-route ospf 200 type 1
[R15-ospf-100]ospf 200
[R15-ospf-200]import-route ospf 100

修改cost值

[R14]int g0/0/1
[R14-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 2000

[R15]int g0/0/0
[R15-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 2000

[R8]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 5000

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 5000

第五步、特殊区域

[R18]ospf 100
[R18-ospf-100]a 4
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa

[R14]ospf 100
[R14-ospf-100]a 4
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa

[R15]ospf 100
[R15-ospf-100]a 4
[R15-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa

关闭R18，7转5时的FA字段

[R18]ospf 100
[R18-ospf-100]a 4
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa suppress-forwarding-address

为防止环路，开启R14的七转五操作

[R14]ospf 100
[R14-ospf-100]a 4
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa translator-always

[R8]ospf 100
[R8-ospf-100]a 1
[R8-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]nssa

[R9]ospf 100
[R9-ospf-100]a 1
[R9-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]nssa

第六步：减少LSA更新量

完全nssa

[R8]ospf 100
[R8-ospf-100]a 1
[R8-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]nssa no-summary 

[R9]ospf 100
[R9-ospf-100]a 1
[R9-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.1]nssa

[R18]ospf 100
[R18-ospf-100]a 4
[R18-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa no-summary 

[R14]ospf 100
[R14-ospf-100]a 4	
[R14-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.4]nssa no-summary

第七步：nat

[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

下发缺省

[R3]ospf 10	
[R3-ospf-10]default-route-advertise always 

[R5]ospf 100
[R5-ospf-100]default-route-advertise always

这里需要注意，针对重发布需要再次下发缺省

[R9]ospf 200
[R9-ospf-200]default-route-advertise 

[R15]ospf 200
[R15-ospf-200]default-route-advertise

第八步、加快收敛

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int t0/0/0	
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R11-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int t0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net p2mp
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R18]int t0/0/0
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net p2mp	
[R18-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R14]int t0/0/0
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net p2mp	
[R14-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R17]int t0/0/0
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf net p2mp 
[R17-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

第九步、全网可达

OSPF 10可以和OSPF 100中的部分区域进行访问

这里我们使用R1的环回和R8的环回

[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 45.0.0.2

[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.2 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source 45.0.0.2
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]desti 34.0.0.1

[R3]ip route-static 8.8.8.8 32 10.1.1.2

[R5]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 10.1.1.1

全网可达测试：