异常

认识异常

1.除以0

public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(10/0);
    }

2.数组下标越界

public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3};
        System.out.println(arr[4]);
    }

3.访问null(空指针异常）

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = null;
        System.out.println(a.length());
    }

防御式编程

1.LBYL(LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP):在操作之前做好检查
2.EBFP(IT IS EASIER TO ASK FORGIVENESS THAN PERMISSION):先操作，遇到问题在解决。

捕获异常

1.try…catch…用法

public static void main(String[] args) {

       try {
           String a = null;
           System.out.println(a.length());
       }catch (NullPointerException e){
           System.out.println("空指针异常");
           e.printStackTrace();

       
       }
    }

2.注意以下用法
①.当try中有多个异常，仅执行最先捕获异常的Catch语句块并执行

 public static void main(String[] args) {

       try {
           int []arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4};
           System.out.println(arr[6]);
           String a = null;
           System.out.println(a.length());
       }catch (NullPointerException e){
           System.out.println("空指针异常");
           e.printStackTrace();

       }catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
           System.out.println("越界异常");
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
    }

②同样当catch捕获到try中异常，该异常后的命令不在执行

 public static void main(String[] args) {

       try {
           int []arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4};
           System.out.println(arr[6]);
           System.out.println("执行此打印");
           System.out.println(" ============");
       }catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
           System.out.println("越界异常");
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
        System.out.println("结束");
    }

③同一个catch可以捕获多个异常（从以下代码块结果来看，捕捉顺序与①相同

public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            int[] arr = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
            System.out.println(arr[6]);
            String a = null;
            System.out.println(a.length());
        } catch (NullPointerException | ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.println("空指针异常或者超出异常");
            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

也可使用

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String a = null;
            System.out.println(a.length());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("异常捕捉");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

finally使用注意事项（finally所起的作用就是释放资源，但是如果try和finally都有return,此时会执行Finally中return.

public static void main(String[] args) {
        int size = 4;
        int rem = num(size);
        System.out.println(rem);
    }

    public static int num(int size) {
        try {
           return size;


        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("异常捕捉");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            return 20;
        }

    }