RIP综合实验

目录

RIP综合实验

实验内容

 实验拓扑图

 IP地址的配置

R1的IP地址详情

R2的IP地址详情

R3的IP地址详情

R4的IP地址详情

R5的IP地址详情

R6的IP地址详情

R7的IP地址详情

激活RIP协议,宣告网段

RIP2的配置

RIP1的配置

减少路由条目(做路由汇总)

汇总前

汇总操作

汇总后

做汇总必须做空接口(防止出现路由黑洞)

R3使用R2访问R1的环回(调整开销值)

方法一:在R4(出方向)更改,将发往R3的时候将开销值增大

方法二: 在R3(入方向)更改,R3在收到信息时开销值增大

增加路由条目安全性(在接口上做认证)

R1配置

R2配置

全网可达

解决RIP1中无法访问RIP2中路由信息

解决无法访问R5的换回模拟运营商

R6,R7不能访问R1的环回

方法一:R4给R6发送数据时不包含R1的环回

方法二:R6学习数据时过滤掉R1的环回信息

 R1 Telent R2 环回 实际 Telent 到R7

R7上做aaa认证并创建用户

R7上使用虚拟登陆接口并开启认证aaa

R2 0/0/0 接口制作端口映射(使得访问到R7)

控制流量走R1路由流量只走R2接口

控制R7返回的数据只走R4 0/0/1 接口

R1 Telent R2


RIP综合实验

实验内容

 实验拓扑图

 IP地址的配置

R1的IP地址详情

[R1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              14.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         1.1.1.1/24           up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.1.1/24        up         up(s)     
LoopBack2                         172.16.2.1/24        up         up(s)     
LoopBack3                         172.16.3.1/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     

R2的IP地址详情

[R2]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              23.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         2.2.2.2/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)    

R3的IP地址详情

[R3]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              23.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              34.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         3.3.3.3/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R4的IP地址详情

[R4]display  ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              14.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              34.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              45.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/0              46.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet4/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet4/0/3              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         4.4.4.4/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R5的IP地址详情

[R5]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              45.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         5.5.5.5/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R6的IP地址详情

[R6]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              46.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              67.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         6.6.6.6/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R6]

R7的IP地址详情

[R7]display  ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              67.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         7.7.7.7/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

激活RIP协议,宣告网段

RIP2的配置

        R1基本配置

[R1]rip 1
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0 
[R1-rip-1]network 14.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R1-rip-1]

        R2基本配置

[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0

        R3基本配置

[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]network 34.0.0.0	
[R3-rip-1]network 3.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]

        R4基本配置

[R4]rip 1
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]network 34.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 45.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 14.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 4.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0

        R5基本配置

[R5]rip	
[R5]rip 1
[R5-rip-1]version 2
[R5-rip-1]network 45.0.0.0
#因为题意要求不能宣告R5的环回网段

RIP1的配置

        R6基本配置

[R6]rip 1
[R6-rip-1]version 1
[R6-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0
[R6-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0
[R6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0

        R7基本配置

[R7]rip 1
[R7-rip-1]version 1
[R7-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0 
[R7-rip-1]network 7.0.0.0

减少路由条目(做路由汇总)

汇总前

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 13       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 13

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.2.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R2]

汇总操作

[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip su	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

汇总后

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 11       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 11

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R2]

做汇总必须做空接口(防止出现路由黑洞)

[R1]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 22 NULL 0

R3使用R2访问R1的环回(调整开销值)

注意:

        因为RIP不能随便减小开销值,只能加大下面R4 -> R3的开销值

方法一:在R4(出方向)更改,将发往R3的时候将开销值增大

        操作与方法二类似

方法二: 在R3(入方向)更改,R3在收到信息时开销值增大

1.抓取流量(使用ACL列表)

[R3]acl 2	
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 1.1.1.0 0
[R3-acl-basic-2000]

2.修改开销值

[R3]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricin 2000 2

3.测试

[R3]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R3]

增加路由条目安全性(在接口上做认证)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode ? --- 选择认证模式
  hmac-sha256  
  md5          MD5 authentication --- 通过比较哈希值,较为安全 ,不会携带密码信息
  simple       Simple authentication

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 ?
  nonstandard  Nonstandard MD5 authentication packet format (IETF) --- 非标准的(IETF标准)
  usual        Huawei MD5 authentication packet format --- 标准的(华为MD5规则)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual ?
  STRING<1-16>/<24,32>  Plain text/Encrypted text
  cipher                Encryption type (Cryptogram) --- 密码存储
  plain                 Encryption type (Plain text) --- 以本地明文存储

R1配置

[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher 123456

R2配置

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher 123456

注意:

        认证标准必须相同

rip authentication-mode md5 ?

        nonstandard  Nonstandard MD5 authentication packet format (IETF) --- 非标准的(IETF标准)
        usual        Huawei MD5 authentication packet format --- 标准的(华为MD5规则)

全网可达

解决RIP1中无法访问RIP2中路由信息

注意:

        因为没有边界路由器,无法使用重发布来执行

方法一:让R4 4/0/0 发送信息全部发送RIPv1

方法二:让R6 0/0/0 发送信息全部发送RIPv2

        修改前:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
[R6]

        修改:

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip version 2

        修改后:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  3           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

解决无法访问R5的换回模拟运营商

在每个路由上做路由缺省 或者 在边界路由器上配置主动下发一个指向边界路由的缺省

         配置:

[R5]rip --- 进入对应进程
[R5-rip-1]de	
[R5-rip-1]default-route o	
[R5-rip-1]default-route originate 
[R5-rip-1]

        测试:其他路由上会自动添加一个缺省

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  3           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
[R1]ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    4 packet(s) received
    20.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms

[R6]ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms

R6,R7不能访问R1的环回

方法一:R4给R6发送数据时不包含R1的环回

方法二:R6学习数据时过滤掉R1的环回信息

[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule deny source 172.16.0.0 0 --- 过滤网段
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule deny source 1.1.1.0 0
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any ---接收其他网段信息
[R6]rip 1
[R6-rip-1]filter-policy 2000 import 
[R6-rip-1]

        测试:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  3           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

R6还可以ping通R1的原因:存在路由缺省

 R1 Telent R2 环回 实际 Telent 到R7

R7上做aaa认证并创建用户

[R7-aaa]local-user admin privilege level 15 password cipher 123456
[R7-aaa]local-user admin service-type telnet

R7上使用虚拟登陆接口并开启认证aaa

[R7]user-interface vty 0 4
[R7-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

        测试:

<R6>telnet 7.7.7.7
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 7.7.7.7 ...
  Connected to 7.7.7.7 ...

Login authentication


Username:admin
Password:
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>

R2 0/0/0 接口制作端口映射(使得访问到R7)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global interface loopback 0 23 
inside 7.7.7.7 23
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

控制流量走R1路由流量只走R2接口

[R2]acl 2000
[R2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 7.0.0.0 0
[R2-acl-basic-2000]q
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout 2000 10 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

        测试

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
 7.0.0.0/8          RIP     100     4         D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

控制R7返回的数据只走R4 0/0/1 接口

[R4-acl-basic-2000]ru	
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule pe	
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 12.0.0.0 0
[R4-acl-basic-2000]q
[R4]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricin 2000 10

        测试:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
12.0.0.0/24          RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

R1 Telent R2

<R6>telnet 2.2.2.2
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 2.2.2.2 ...
  Connected to 2.2.2.2 ...

Login authentication


Username:admin
Password:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    
  User last login information:     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Access Type: Telnet      
  IP-Address : 67.0.0.1     
  Time       : 2022-10-30 18:06:33-08:00     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>

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