RIP综合实验

目录

RIP综合实验

实验内容

 实验拓扑图

 IP地址的配置

R1的IP地址详情

R2的IP地址详情

R3的IP地址详情

R4的IP地址详情

R5的IP地址详情

R6的IP地址详情

R7的IP地址详情

激活RIP协议,宣告网段

RIP2的配置

RIP1的配置

减少路由条目(做路由汇总)

汇总前

汇总操作

汇总后

做汇总必须做空接口(防止出现路由黑洞)

R3使用R2访问R1的环回(调整开销值)

方法一:在R4(出方向)更改,将发往R3的时候将开销值增大

方法二: 在R3(入方向)更改,R3在收到信息时开销值增大

增加路由条目安全性(在接口上做认证)

R1配置

R2配置

全网可达

解决RIP1中无法访问RIP2中路由信息

解决无法访问R5的换回模拟运营商

R6,R7不能访问R1的环回

方法一:R4给R6发送数据时不包含R1的环回

方法二:R6学习数据时过滤掉R1的环回信息

 R1 Telent R2 环回 实际 Telent 到R7

R7上做aaa认证并创建用户

R7上使用虚拟登陆接口并开启认证aaa

R2 0/0/0 接口制作端口映射(使得访问到R7)

控制流量走R1路由流量只走R2接口

控制R7返回的数据只走R4 0/0/1 接口

R1 Telent R2


RIP综合实验

实验内容

 实验拓扑图

 IP地址的配置

R1的IP地址详情

[R1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              14.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         1.1.1.1/24           up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         172.16.1.1/24        up         up(s)     
LoopBack2                         172.16.2.1/24        up         up(s)     
LoopBack3                         172.16.3.1/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     

R2的IP地址详情

[R2]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              23.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         2.2.2.2/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)    

R3的IP地址详情

[R3]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              23.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              34.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         3.3.3.3/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R4的IP地址详情

[R4]display  ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              14.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              34.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              45.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/0              46.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet4/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet4/0/3              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         4.4.4.4/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R5的IP地址详情

[R5]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              45.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         5.5.5.5/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R6的IP地址详情

[R6]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              46.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              67.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         6.6.6.6/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R6]

R7的IP地址详情

[R7]display  ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              67.0.0.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         7.7.7.7/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

激活RIP协议,宣告网段

RIP2的配置

        R1基本配置

[R1]rip 1
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0 
[R1-rip-1]network 14.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R1-rip-1]

        R2基本配置

[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0

        R3基本配置

[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]network 34.0.0.0	
[R3-rip-1]network 3.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]

        R4基本配置

[R4]rip 1
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]network 34.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 45.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 14.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 4.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0

        R5基本配置

[R5]rip	
[R5]rip 1
[R5-rip-1]version 2
[R5-rip-1]network 45.0.0.0
#因为题意要求不能宣告R5的环回网段

RIP1的配置

        R6基本配置

[R6]rip 1
[R6-rip-1]version 1
[R6-rip-1]network 46.0.0.0
[R6-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0
[R6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0

        R7基本配置

[R7]rip 1
[R7-rip-1]version 1
[R7-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0 
[R7-rip-1]network 7.0.0.0

减少路由条目(做路由汇总)

汇总前

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 13       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 13

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.2.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R2]

汇总操作

[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip su	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

汇总后

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 11       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 11

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
                    RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    RIP     100  2           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  1           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R2]

做汇总必须做空接口(防止出现路由黑洞)

[R1]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 22 NULL 0

R3使用R2访问R1的环回(调整开销值)

注意:

        因为RIP不能随便减小开销值,只能加大下面R4 -> R3的开销值

方法一:在R4(出方向)更改,将发往R3的时候将开销值增大

        操作与方法二类似

方法二: 在R3(入方向)更改,R3在收到信息时开销值增大

1.抓取流量(使用ACL列表)

[R3]acl 2	
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 1.1.1.0 0
[R3-acl-basic-2000]

2.修改开销值

[R3]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricin 2000 2

3.测试

[R3]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       46.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[R3]

增加路由条目安全性(在接口上做认证)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode ? --- 选择认证模式
  hmac-sha256  
  md5          MD5 authentication --- 通过比较哈希值,较为安全 ,不会携带密码信息
  simple       Simple authentication

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 ?
  nonstandard  Nonstandard MD5 authentication packet format (IETF) --- 非标准的(IETF标准)
  usual        Huawei MD5 authentication packet format --- 标准的(华为MD5规则)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual ?
  STRING<1-16>/<24,32>  Plain text/Encrypted text
  cipher                Encryption type (Cryptogram) --- 密码存储
  plain                 Encryption type (Plain text) --- 以本地明文存储

R1配置

[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher 123456

R2配置

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual cipher 123456

注意:

        认证标准必须相同

rip authentication-mode md5 ?

        nonstandard  Nonstandard MD5 authentication packet format (IETF) --- 非标准的(IETF标准)
        usual        Huawei MD5 authentication packet format --- 标准的(华为MD5规则)

全网可达

解决RIP1中无法访问RIP2中路由信息

注意:

        因为没有边界路由器,无法使用重发布来执行

方法一:让R4 4/0/0 发送信息全部发送RIPv1

方法二:让R6 0/0/0 发送信息全部发送RIPv2

        修改前:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
[R6]

        修改:

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip version 2

        修改后:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  3           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     172.16.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

解决无法访问R5的换回模拟运营商

在每个路由上做路由缺省 或者 在边界路由器上配置主动下发一个指向边界路由的缺省

         配置:

[R5]rip --- 进入对应进程
[R5-rip-1]de	
[R5-rip-1]default-route o	
[R5-rip-1]default-route originate 
[R5-rip-1]

        测试:其他路由上会自动添加一个缺省

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  3           D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
[R1]ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    4 packet(s) received
    20.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms

[R6]ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms

R6,R7不能访问R1的环回

方法一:R4给R6发送数据时不包含R1的环回

方法二:R6学习数据时过滤掉R1的环回信息

[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule deny source 172.16.0.0 0 --- 过滤网段
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule deny source 1.1.1.0 0
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any ---接收其他网段信息
[R6]rip 1
[R6-rip-1]filter-policy 2000 import 
[R6-rip-1]

        测试:

[R6]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.0/24  RIP     100  3           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       14.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   46.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

R6还可以ping通R1的原因:存在路由缺省

 R1 Telent R2 环回 实际 Telent 到R7

R7上做aaa认证并创建用户

[R7-aaa]local-user admin privilege level 15 password cipher 123456
[R7-aaa]local-user admin service-type telnet

R7上使用虚拟登陆接口并开启认证aaa

[R7]user-interface vty 0 4
[R7-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

        测试:

<R6>telnet 7.7.7.7
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 7.7.7.7 ...
  Connected to 7.7.7.7 ...

Login authentication


Username:admin
Password:
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>

R2 0/0/0 接口制作端口映射(使得访问到R7)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global interface loopback 0 23 
inside 7.7.7.7 23
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

控制流量走R1路由流量只走R2接口

[R2]acl 2000
[R2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 7.0.0.0 0
[R2-acl-basic-2000]q
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout 2000 10 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

        测试

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
 7.0.0.0/8          RIP     100     4         D   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

控制R7返回的数据只走R4 0/0/1 接口

[R4-acl-basic-2000]ru	
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule pe	
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 12.0.0.0 0
[R4-acl-basic-2000]q
[R4]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricin 2000 10

        测试:

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
12.0.0.0/24          RIP     100  2           D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

R1 Telent R2

<R6>telnet 2.2.2.2
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 2.2.2.2 ...
  Connected to 2.2.2.2 ...

Login authentication


Username:admin
Password:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    
  User last login information:     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Access Type: Telnet      
  IP-Address : 67.0.0.1     
  Time       : 2022-10-30 18:06:33-08:00     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>
<R7>

### 回答1: OSPF,RIP 和 DHCP 是三种不同的网络协议。 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 是一种链路状态路由协议,用于在大型内部网络中管理路由信息。 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 是一种距离向量路由协议,通常用于小型内部网络。 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 是一种用于动态分配 IP 地址的协议。它允许客户端自动获取必要的网络配置信息,而无需手动配置。 ### 回答2: ENSP是一款华为网络仿真器,可以用于建立网络拓扑、虚拟设备的模拟,进行网络实验和应用。在ENSP中,可以使用OSPF和RIP这两种动态路由协议,来实现网络设备之间的通讯和数据传输。 OSPF是一种开放式最短路径优先的路由协议,它通过网络链路状态的信息交换来计算路由并进行最优路径选择。它具有快速收敛、高效可靠、支持分层网络、支持可变长度子网掩码等优点,并且可以通过分区实现网络性能的调整、灾难恢复、安全控制等。 RIP是距离向量路由协议,基于跳数来评估路由距离,通过周期性地广播路由表信息,实现网络之间的通讯。RIP具有简单易实现、低成本、易于扩展等优点,但因其计算复杂度低,资源浪费问题等原因,使得其在大规模、复杂、高效的网络中使用不常见。 在ENSP实验中,可以使用OSPF和RIP来进行路由的动态选择和数据传输。此外,DHCP服务也可以被用于为网络终端提供IP地址的自动分配,实现网络快速部署、大规模管理等功能。对于综合实验来说,可以通过构建多个设备、建立不同的网络拓扑、实现不同协议的数据传输等方式,加深对网络原理、协议机制、配置技巧的了解,并提高实际操作和解决问题的能力。 ### 回答3: ENSP是华为提供的一套网络仿真工具,可以用于网络拓扑的搭建、设备配置与流量仿真等。在使用ENSP时,我们可以利用其中提供的多种协议模拟实验室中实现一系列网络技术的实验。 其中,OSPF和RIP是两种常见的路由协议,它们可以帮助我们实现网络中的路由选择与转发。OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)是一种链路状态路由协议,它通过交换链路状态信息来计算最短路径树,并将路由表信息传递给所有的OSPF路由器。相对于RIP协议而言,OSPF通信开销较大,但可以适应相对于拓扑的改变较为敏捷,是目前网络中应用较广泛的路由协议之一。 DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)是另一个在ENSP中常用的协议,它可以为网络中的设备自动分配IP地址,并提供相应的网关、DNS等网路配置信息。因为DHCP能够自动为设备分配IP地址,所以在一些网络环境中比较常用。 综合实验则是将多种协议与技术结合在一起,构建一个较为完整的网络环境,应用来对整个网络进行实验。在ENSP中,我们可以使用OSPF和RIP来构建网络中的路由,DHCP则可以为各个设备自动配置IP地址等信息,最终形成一个相对完整的网络架构。在进行实验时,我们可以通过修改参数、改变拓扑来测试网络的稳定性与可靠性,寻找网络中的可能问题并设计性能优化解决方案。 综上所述,在网络技术的学习与应用过程中,ENSP综合实验OSPFRIPDHCP是一个比较常见的实验,通过这个实验我们可以学习到多种协议与技术的应用,同时也可以提高自己的实验技能与网络实际操作经验。
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