Java网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 09:47:04 发布

爱学习的小段

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 09:47:04 发布

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分类专栏：学习文章标签： java 开发语言后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57457954/article/details/124003282

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网络编程

IP地址

IP：唯一定位一台网络上计算机
ip地址的分类
- ipv4:四个字节组成，0~255，42亿个，30亿都在北美，亚洲4亿，2011年就用完了
- ipv6:128位，8个无符号整数
- 本机ip：127.0.0.1
公网（互联网），私网（局域网）
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
域名：一个域名的目的是成为便于记忆和沟通的一组服务器的地址(网站，电子邮件，FTP等)

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //获得本机ip
            InetAddress inetAddress1= InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            InetAddress inetAddress2= InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            InetAddress inetAddress3= InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            System.out.println("===============");
            //查询网站IP地址
            InetAddress inetAddress4= InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
            //常用的方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());//获得地址
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//获得规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//获得ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//获得域名，或者自己电脑的名字
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程；

不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件！
端口规定的范围：0~65535
有TCP和UDP两大协议，单个协议下端口号不能冲突
端口分类：
- 公有端口 0~1023（常用端口）
  - HTTP：80
  - HTTPS：443
  - FTP：21
  - Telent：23
- 程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或程序
  - Tomcat：8080
  - MySQL：3306
  - Oracle：1521
- 动态，私有：49152~65535
- 命令行
```
netstat -ano//查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr"5900"//查看指定的端口
 //查看指定端口的进程
```
实例

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

//端口
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress3 = new InetSocketAddress("www.baidu.com",8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress1);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);
        System.out.println(socketAddress3);
        System.out.println("\n");
        System.out.println(socketAddress3.getAddress());//获得地址
        System.out.println(socketAddress3.getHostName());//获得端口名
        System.out.println(socketAddress3.getPort());//获得端口号
    }
}

通信协议

网络通信协议：是一种网络通用语言，为连接不同操作系统和不同硬件体系结构的互联网络提供通信支持，是一种网络通用语言
TCP/IP：是指能够在多个不同网络间实现信息传输的协议簇。TCP/IP协议不仅仅指的是TCP 和IP两个协议，而是指一个由FTP、SMTP、TCP、UDP、IP等协议构成的协议簇，只是因为在TCP/IP协议中TCP协议和IP协议最具代表性，所以被称为TCP/IP协议
TCP：传输控制协议（TCP，Transmission Control Protocol）三次握手和四次挥手
UDP：用户数据报协议（UDP，User Datagram Protocol）
TCP和UDP对比
- 安全方面的区别：tcp的安全性没有udp的安全性高，并且udp的漏洞比较少，不容易被一些不法分子利用。
- 传播速度的区别：udp的传送速度也比tcp的快。因为tcp在传送的时候要先建立连接，建立连接的时候是比较耗时的，而且在传送数据的时候还要确认一些东西，而udp无连接传送数据的。
- 连接对象数量的区别：tcp是一对一的连接，而udp是一对多个或多对多个连接的。

TCP

客户端
- 链接服务器Socket
- 发送消息

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream os =null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址，端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket链接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3.发送消息的IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎来到爱学习的小段".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭
            if(os != null){
                os.close();
            }
            if(socket != null){
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接收用的消息

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        //1.有一个地址
        serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        //2.等待客户端过来
        socket = serverSocket.accept();
        //3.读取客户端的消息
        is = socket.getInputStream();

        //管道流
        baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len=0;
        while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //关闭
        if(baos != null){
            baos.close();
        }
        if(is != null){
            is.close();
        }
        if(socket != null){
            socket.close();
        }
        if(serverSocket != null){
            serverSocket.close();
        }


    }
}

文件传输

客户端

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        //读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("2.jpg"));
        //写入文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完毕
        //确认服务器接收完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream =socket.getInputStream();
        //
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //关闭资源
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞时监听，会一直等待
        //获取数据流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("666.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP

发短信：不用连接，只需要知道对方的地址

发送消息

发送端

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //建个包
        String msg = "你好，服务器！";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9000;
        //数据，数据长度的起始，要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
        //发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
        //接受数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送

发送端

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSendDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据：控制台读取 System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",5555));

            socket.send(packet);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(5555);
        while(true){

            //准备接受包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[3];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data,0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

交流系统

用户一

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) throws IOException {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
         socket = new DatagramSocket();
         reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if(data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }

}

用户二

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){

            //准备接受包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[3];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            try {
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data,0, data.length);
            System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
            if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

接口一

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

接口二

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

URL

统一资源定位系统（uniform resource locator;URL）是因特网的万维网服务万维网服务程序上用于指定信息位置的表示方法。

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源

URL主要方法

package top.dty.network;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?usename=xiaoduan&password=123");
        System.out.println( url.getProtocol());//得到协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//加密参数
    }
}

获取网络上的音乐

package top.dty.network;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C400000xHhh711Xkj8.m4a?guid=8103757584&vkey=37BC6224D4A19AD3500F515ED50AE387DE737F3290A2CBAE47EBAD5504B077ABF721B3D01E49408F74986935E0AC0ACE4FD878906CF36A95&uin=&fromtag=66");

        //连接到这个资源 Http
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("yinyue.m4a");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}