Java之网络编程

概述

       Java是 Internet上的语言，它从语言级上提供了对网络应用程序的支持，程序员能够很容易开发常见的网络应用程序。
       Java提供的网络类库，可以实现无痛的网络连接，联网的底层细节被隐藏在Java的本机安装系统里，由JVM进行控制。并且Java实现了一个跨平台的网络库，程序员面对的是一个统一的网络编程环境。

 IP地址：

 端口号

 InetAddress类---->ip地址

获取InetAddress类：静态方法

               getLocalhsot()

               getByName(String host)

常用的方法

       

 TCP|IP协议：具体看计算机网络

Socket类：套接字：IP地址+端口号

 获取Socket对象：

构造方法：public Socket(InetAddress address,int port);IP地址和端口号

                  public Socket(String host,int port)

 TCP网络编程

 @Test
    public void client(){//客户端发一句话给服务端 服务端接收显示
        InetAddress inetAddress = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;

        try {
            inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            socket = new Socket(inetAddress,62346);
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("helloWorld".getBytes());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
    @Test
    public void server(){
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(62346);
            accept = serverSocket.accept();
            inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
            ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
            int len;
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
                byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
            byteArrayOutputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                inputStream.close();
                accept.close();
                serverSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

UDP网络编程

public static void sender() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();//第一步创建套接字
        String s = "我是UDP方式发送的数据";
        byte  [] data = s.getBytes();
        InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.137.1");
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,8330);//放数据 ip地址与端口号
        //创建packet包裹参数列表：数据byte数组，ip地址，端口号
        socket.send(packet);//发送包裹
        socket.close();

    }


    public static  void receiver() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8330);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();

    }

URL网络编程

 URL构造器

、

 针对URL的aHttp协议的URLConnection类

/**
 * URL统一资源定位符
 * http://localhost:8080/Idea/admin.html?name=shy%password=123
 * http是协议 localhost主机名 8080 端口号 Idea 是工程名 admin.html工程下的资源 ？，，，后是参数列表
 * @author FuQingsong
 * @create 2023-03-01-19:20
 */
public class URlTest<url> {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        try {
//            URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/Idea/admin.html?name=shy%password=123");
//            System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//url协议名
//            System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机名
//            System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口号
//            System.out.println(url.getPath());//url的文件路径
//            System.out.println(url.getFile());//url的文件名
//            System.out.println(url.getQuery());//url的查询名
//        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
    URL url;
    HttpURLConnection urlConnection;
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/Idea/123.jpg");//url获取tomcat资源的地方
            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();//获取连接
            urlConnection.connect();//打开连接
            inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();//获取使用url连接的get方法输入流
            fos = new FileOutputStream("124.jpg");//获取输出流
            byte[] data = new byte[1024];
            int lens;
            while((lens = inputStream.read(data)) != -1){
                fos.write(data,0,lens);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                fos.close();
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}