图像直方图、模板匹配

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 04:17:24 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCV学习笔记文章标签：计算机视觉人工智能 opencv

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57594025/article/details/131611770

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1、图像直方图

1.1 直方图统计

1.2 直方图像素统计

1.3 直方图绘制

//直方图绘制
int test1()
{
	Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	Mat gray;
	cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);//设置提取直方图的相关变量
	Mat hist; //用于存放直方图计算结果
	const int channels[1] = { 0 };//通道索引
	const int bins[1] = { 256 }; //直方图的维度，其实就是像素灰度值的最大值
	float inRanges[2] = { 0, 255 };
	const float* ranges[1] = { inRanges }; //像素灰度值范围
	calcHist(&gray, 1, channels, Mat(), hist, 1, bins, ranges);//计算图像直方图

	//准备绘制直方图
	int hist_w = 512;
	int hist_h = 400;
	int width = 2;
	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(hist_h, hist_w, CV_8UC3);
	//for (int i = 1; i <= hist.rows; i++)
	//{
	//	rectangle(histImage, Point(width*(i - 1), hist_h - 1),
	//		Point(width*i - 1, hist_h - cvRound(hist.at<float>(i - 1) / 15)),
	//		Scalar(255, 255, 255), -1);
	//}

	Mat hist_INF;
	normalize(hist, hist_INF, 1, 0, NORM_INF, -1, Mat());//归一化
	for (int i = 1; i <= hist_INF.rows; i++)
	{
		rectangle(histImage, Point(width*(i - 1), hist_h - 1),
			Point(width*i - 1, hist_h - cvRound(hist_h*hist_INF.at<float>(i - 1)) - 1), Scalar(255, 255, 255), -1);
	}

	imshow("histImage", histImage);
	imshow("gray", gray);
	waitKey(0);
}

2、直方图均衡化

2.1 实现

//直方图均衡化
void drawHist(Mat &hist, int type, string name)//归一化并绘制直方图函数
{
	int hist_w = 512;
	int hist_h = 512;
	int width = 2;
	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(hist_h, hist_w, CV_8UC3);
	normalize(hist, hist, 1, 0, type, -1, Mat());
	for (int i = 1; i <= hist.rows; i++)
	{
		rectangle(histImage, Point(width*(i - 1), hist_h - 1),
			Point(width*i - 1, hist_h - cvRound(hist_h*hist.at<float>(i - 1)) - 1),
			Scalar(255, 255, 255), -1);
	}
	imshow(name, histImage);
}
int test2()
{
	Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/hist.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat gray, hist, hist2;
	cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

	Mat equalImg;
	equalizeHist(gray, equalImg); //将图像直方图均衡化
	const int channels[1] = { 0 };
	float inRanges[2] = { 0, 255 };
	const float* ranges[1] = { inRanges };
	const int bins[1] = { 256 };
	calcHist(&gray, 1, channels, Mat(), hist, 1, bins, ranges);
	calcHist(&equalImg, 1, channels, Mat(), hist2, 1, bins, ranges);
	drawHist(hist, NORM_INF, "hist");
	drawHist(hist2, NORM_INF, "hist2");
	
	imshow("原图", gray);
	imshow("均衡化后的图像", equalImg);
}

2.2 效果

显示更加清晰的纹理信息

3、直方图匹配

3.1 匹配原理

3.2 实现


void drawHist(Mat &hist, int type, string name)//归一化并绘制直方图函数
{
	int hist_w = 512;
	int hist_h = 512;
	int width = 2;
	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(hist_h, hist_w, CV_8UC3);
	normalize(hist, hist, 1, 0, type, -1, Mat());
	for (int i = 1; i <= hist.rows; i++)
	{
		rectangle(histImage, Point(width*(i - 1), hist_h - 1),
			Point(width*i - 1, hist_h - cvRound(20*hist_h*hist.at<float>(i - 1)) - 1),//20* 改变直方图的高度
			Scalar(255, 255, 255), -1);
	}
	imshow(name, histImage);
}
//直方图匹配
int test3()
{
	Mat img1 = imread("F:/testMap/hist.png");
	Mat img2 = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
	if (img1.empty() || img2.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat hist1, hist2;
	//计算两张图像直方图
	const int channels[1] = { 0 };
	float inRanges[2] = { 0, 255 };
	const float* ranges[1] = { inRanges };
	const int bins[1] = { 256 };
	calcHist(&img1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist1, 1, bins, ranges);
	calcHist(&img2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist2, 1, bins, ranges);

	//归一化两张图像的直方图
	drawHist(hist1, NORM_L1, "hist1");
	drawHist(hist2, NORM_L1, "hist2");

	//计算两张图像直方图的累积概率
	float histl_cdf[256] = { hist1.at<float>(0) };
	float hist2_cdf[256] = { hist2.at<float>(0) };
	for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++)
	{
		histl_cdf[i] = histl_cdf[i - 1] + hist1.at<float>(i);
		hist2_cdf[i] = hist2_cdf[i - 1] + hist2.at<float>(i);
	}

	//构建累积概率误差矩阵
	float diff_cdf[256][256];
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 256; j++)
		{
			diff_cdf[i][j] = fabs(histl_cdf[i] - hist2_cdf[j]);
		}
	}

	//生成LUT映射表
	Mat lut(1, 256, CV_8U);
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		//查找源灰度级为i的映射灰度
		//和i的累积概率差值最小的规定化灰度
		float min = diff_cdf[i][0];
		int index = 0;
		//寻找累积概率误差矩阵中每一行中的最小值
		for (int j = 1; j < 256; j++)
		{
			if (min > diff_cdf[i][j])
			{
				min = diff_cdf[i][j];
				index = j;
			}
			lut.at<uchar>(i) = (uchar)index;
		}
	}

	Mat result,hist3;
	LUT(img1,lut,result); 
	imshow("待匹配图像",img1);
	imshow("匹配的模板图像",img2);
	imshow("直方图匹配结果", result);
	calcHist(&result,1,channels, Mat(), hist3,1, bins,ranges); 
	drawHist(hist3,NORM_L1,"hist3");//绘制匹配后的图像直方图
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

4、模板匹配

4.1 模板匹配

4.2 模板匹配函数

4.3 模板匹配方法标志

0 1标志匹配结果越大说明越不匹配

4.4 代码实现

//模板匹配
int test4()
{
	Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
	Mat temp = imread("F:/testMap/lenaFace.png");
	Mat result;

	matchTemplate(img,temp,result,TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); 
	double maxVal,minVal;

	Point maxLoc,minLoc;
	minMaxLoc(result, &minVal, &maxVal, &minLoc, &maxLoc);

	rectangle(img,Point(maxLoc.x,maxLoc.y),Point(maxLoc.x + temp.cols,maxLoc.y + temp.rows),Scalar(0,0,255),2);
	
	imshow("原图像", img);
	imshow("模板", temp);
	imshow("result", result);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}