反射获取对象、构造方法、属性、方法~

1、反射获取对象   Class.forName("地址")

public static void reflectNewInstance() {
        try {
            Class<?> c1=Class.forName("reflectdemo1.Student");//通过反射获取对象
            Student student= (Student) c1.newInstance();//在类外实例化对象——>newInstance()
                                             //返回值是T类型 此时T为Student
            System.out.println(student);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

 2、反射获取构造方法   getDeclaredConstructor(类型.class,类型.class)

//通过反射获取私有的构造方法
    public static void reflectPrivateConstructor(){
        try {
            Class<?> c1=Class.forName("reflectdemo1.Student");//先通过反射获取对象
            Constructor<?> constructor= c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class);//getDeclaredConstructor(类型.class,类型.class)获取与参数类型匹配的构造方法

            constructor.setAccessible(true);//改变私有访问权限(重点)，置为true才能访问私有

            Student student=(Student)constructor.newInstance("ly",20);//此时可以根据私有的构造方法创建实例

            System.out.println(student);

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

3、反射获取私有属性  getDeclaredField("属性名")

//反射私有的属性  （公开的也可获取）
    public static void reflectPrivateField(){
        try {
            Class<?> c1=Class.forName("reflectdemo1.Student");//通过反射获取对象
            Student student=(Student)c1.newInstance();//实例化对象
            Field field=c1.getDeclaredField("name");//通过对象获取属性getDeclaredField("属性名")
            field.setAccessible(true);
            field.set(student,"xyh");//修改值通过set(要修改的对象,"修改之后的值")
            System.out.println(student);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

4、反射获取方法   getDeclaredMethod(“方法名称”，类型.class)

    //反射私有方法
    public static void reflectPrivateMethod(){
        try {
            Class<?> c1=Class.forName("reflectdemo1.Student");//反射对象
            Student student=(Student) c1.newInstance();//创建实例
            Method method=c1.getDeclaredMethod("function",String.class);//getDeclaredMethod(“方法名称”，类型.class)
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(student,"私有的方法");//调用私有的方法用invoke（要修改的对象，“所要修改的值”）
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

---

class Student{
    //私有属性name
    private String name = "bit";
    //公有属性age
    public int age = 18;
    //不带参数的构造方法
    public Student(){
        System.out.println("Student()");
    }
    private Student(String name,int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        System.out.println("Student(String,name)");
    }
    private void eat(){
        System.out.println("i am eat");
    }
    public void sleep(){
        System.out.println("i am pig");
    }
    private void function(String str) {
        System.out.println(str);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
  }