基于Rancher实现kubernetes集群管理
一、Rancher介绍
1.1 Rancher
Rancher 是一套容器管理平台，它可以帮助组织在生产环境中轻松快捷的部署和管理容器。Rancher可以轻松地管理各种环境的 Kubernetes，满足IT需求并为 DevOps 团队提供支持。
Rancher 用户可以选择使用 Rancher Kubernetes Engine(RKE) 创建 K8s 集群，也可以使用 GKE，AKS 和 EKS 等云K8s 服务。Rancher 用户还可以导入和管理现有的 Kubernetes 集群。同时 Rancher UI 为 DevOps 工程师提供了一个直观的用户界面来管理他们的服务容器。
1.2 Rancher功能
Rancher 1.x 版本是基于 Docker 以 Cattle 为调度引擎的容器管理平台。Rancher 2.x 版本基于Kubernetes 基础上重新设计，保留了 1.x 版本中的友好功能，同时提供了更多新的功能。
-
内置 CI/CD 流水线
-
告警和日志收集功能
-
多集群管理功能
-
集成 Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE)
-
与各云 Kubernetes 服务(如 GKE、EKS、AKS) 集成
1.3 Rancher架构
下图描述了 Rancher 管理两个 Kubernetes 集群的 Rancher server: 一个由 RKE 创建，另一个由 GKE 创建。
二、Rancher部署
2.1 主机需求
| 功能 | 硬件 | 操作系统 | 主机IP | 主机名 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rancher | CPU 4,MEM 8G，DISK 100G | CentOS7.6 | 192.168.122.110 | rnode1 |
| node | CPU 4,MEM 8G，DISK 100G | CentOS7.6 | 192.168.122.120 | rnode2 |
| node | CPU 4,MEM 8G，DISK 100G | CentOS7.6 | 192.168.122.130 | rnode3 |
2.2 主机准备
关于swap分区是否关闭，可根据情况自行决定。
2.2.1 主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname XXX XXX修改为rnode1、rnode2、rnode3
2.2.2 主机IP
[root@rnode1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.122.XXX NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.122.1 DNS1=119.29.29.29 XXX修改为110、120、130
2.2.3 主机名解析
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.122.110 rnode1 192.168.122.120 rnode2 192.168.122.130 rnode3
2.2.4 安全设置
2.2.4.1 关闭firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --state not running
2.2.4.2 安装iptables-services(可选)
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install iptables-services [root@localhost ~]# iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -t raw -F 在安装docker-ce 19.03版本后，一定要查看filter表中的FORWARD链默认策略。 [root@localhost ~]# iptables -t filter -P FORWARD ACCEPT
2.2.4.3 SELinux
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
修改完SELinux配置后，需要重新启动系统
2.2.5 节点时间同步
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l 0 */1 * * * ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
2.2.6 性能调优
[root@rnode1 ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1=4096 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2=6144 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3=8192
2.2.7 模块加载
创建加载模块脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/modules/load.mod
#!/bin/bash
mods=(
br_netfilter
ip6_udp_tunnel
ip_set
ip_set_hash_ip
ip_set_hash_net
iptable_filter
iptable_nat
iptable_mangle
iptable_raw
nf_conntrack_netlink
nf_conntrack
nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_defrag_ipv4
nf_nat
nf_nat_ipv4
nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4
nfnetlink
udp_tunnel
VETH
VXLAN
x_tables
xt_addrtype
xt_conntrack
xt_comment
xt_mark
xt_multiport
xt_nat
xt_recent
xt_set
xt_statistic
xt_tcpudp
)
for mod in ${mods[@]};do
modprobe $mod
lsmod |grep $mod
done
为脚本添加执行权限 [root@rnodeX ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/load.mod [root@rnodeX ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/load.mod
2.3 docker-ce准备
镜像源准备 清华大学开源软件镜像站 [root@rnodeX ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 或 阿里云镜像站 [root@rnodeX ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安装docker-ce [root@rnodeX ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
修改docker service文件 [root@rnodeX ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service ...... 14 ExecStartPost=/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT ......
启动服务 [root@rnodeX ~]# systemctl enable docker [root@rnodeX ~]# systemctl start docker
2.4 运行Rancher
需要在所有主机添加普通用户，用于rancher部署k8s集群
[root@rnodeX ~]# useradd aidocker [root@rnodeX ~]# passwd aidocker [root@rnodeX ~]# usermod -aG docker aidocker [root@rnodeX ~]# visudo aidocker ALL=(ALL) ALL
如需要连接到远程主机，可以使用如下方法
其它主机#ssh aidocker@rancher集群主机IP
在rnode1节点运行
准备镜像 [aidocker@rnode1 ~]$ docker pull rancher/rancher:stable
运行rancher容器 [aidocker@rnode1 ~]$ sudo docker run -d --restart=unless-stopped -p 80:80 -p 443:443 rancher/rancher:stable
查看已运行的容器 [aidocker@rnode1 ~]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ce5c317659e5 rancher/rancher:stable "entrypoint.sh" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp determined_tu
2.5 访问Rancher
三、 添加kubernetes集群
[aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ docker pull rancher/rancher-agent:v2.4.4 [aidocker@rnode3 ~]$ docker pull rancher/rancher-agent:v2.4.4
[root@rnode2 ~]# docker run -d --privileged --restart=unless-stopped --net=host -v /etc/kubernetes:/etc/kubernetes -v /var/run:/var/run rancher/rancher-agent:v2.3.2 --server https://rnode1 --token dhtx2gj8nzl4mzc8g4w99zswjwph2d6828j5pctswcp7kldwp95fvw --ca-checksum 6ccf661091db2dc9a6e3520d2c152def1eb68cddad675d92b5dcd9d1665b29c0 --etcd --controlplane --worker
可以先添加一台主机用于部署k8s集群。
四、 Rancher平台kubernetes集群dashboard部署
4.1 通过应用商店部署kubernetes dashboard
选择已部署的kubernetes集群中的System项目部署kubernetes dashboards
4.2 进入kubernetes dashboard
4.2.1 在kubernetes集群主机上部署kubectl
4.2.1.1 kubectl安装
YUM源准备 [aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
安装kubectl [aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ sudo yum -y install kubectl
4.2.1.2 创建~/.kube/config文件
[aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ sudo mkdir ~/.kube
[sudo] aidocker 的密码：
[aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ sudo vim ~/.kube/config
apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
clusters:
- name: "aiops-demo"
cluster:
server: "https://rnode1/k8s/clusters/c-bnx9d"
certificate-authority-data: "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUM3akNDQ\
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VJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0t"
- name: "aiops-demo-rnode2"
cluster:
server: "https://192.168.122.120:6443"
certificate-authority-data: "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUN3akNDQ\
WFxZ0F3SUJBZ0lCQURBTkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRc0ZBREFTTVJBd0RnWURWUVFERXdkcmRXSmwKT\
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klDQVRFLS0tLS0K"
users:
- name: "aiops-demo"
user:
token: "kubeconfig-user-wxlrp.c-bnx9d:w6b2bv5wwx7x2dn8lr7s9tc2n8wncnrtc7vfwxc2f6l98nx6d5sgtr"
contexts:
- name: "aiops-demo"
context:
user: "aiops-demo"
cluster: "aiops-demo"
- name: "aiops-demo-rnode2"
context:
user: "aiops-demo"
cluster: "aiops-demo-rnode2"
current-context: "aiops-demo"
4.2.1.3 验证kubectl可用性
[aidocker@rnode2 ~]$ kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE myfirst-nginx-77c5bbf8bb-ltwdm 1/1 Running 0 74m myfirst-nginx-77c5bbf8bb-vxct7 1/1 Running 0 80m
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