ServletRequest

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已于 2022-10-14 11:36:47 修改

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： java 服务器

于 2022-07-11 08:48:29 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57907966/article/details/125714286

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Request获取请求数据

1.请求行：GET/request-demo/req1?username=zhangsan HTTP/1.1

String getMethod():获取请求方式：GET

String getContextPath():获取虚拟目录(项目访问路径): /request-demo

StringBuffer getRequestURL():获取URL(统一资源定位符):http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1

String getRequestURI():获取URI(统一资源标识符):/request-demo/req1

String getQueryString():获取请求参数（GT方式）：username=zhangsan&password=123

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//GET
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURL);

        String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(requestURI);

        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

2.获取请求头：User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 Chrome/91.0.4472.106

String getHeader(String name):根据请求头名称，获取值

        //获取请求头
        //User-Agent获取浏览器版本信息
        String header = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
        System.out.println(header);

3.请求体:username=zhangsan&password=123

ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流

BufferReader getReader():获取字符输入流

写一个Post请求的表单

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/1/req1" method="post">

    <input  type="text" name="username">
    <input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit">

    

</form>
</body>
</html>

在doPost中获取请求体

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

Request通用获取请求方式

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      //GET请求逻辑
        System.out.println("get...");
        //获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key:parameterMap.keySet()){
            System.out.print(key+":");
            String[] strings = parameterMap.get(key);
            for (String value:strings){
                System.out.print(value+" ");

            }
        }
        System.out.println("-----------");
        //根据key获取参数值，数组
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby:hobbies){
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }


        //根据key获取单个参数值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);


    }

新建一个表单

GET方式：

修改表单提交方式为POST

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

this.doGet(req,resp);

}

请求参数中文乱码

1.post方式

request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置字符流的编码

编码与解码：

 public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String username="张三";//%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89
        //1.URL编码
        String encode=URLEncoder.encode(username,"UTF-8");
        System.out.println(encode);
        //2.URL解码
        String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println(decode);
    }

原理：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String username="张三";//%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89
        //1.URL编码
        String encode=URLEncoder.encode(username,"UTF-8");
        System.out.println(encode);
        //2.URL解码
        String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "ISO-8859-1");
        System.out.println(decode);

        //3.转换字节数据
        byte[] bytes = decode.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
        for (byte b:bytes){
            System.out.print(b+" ");
        }
        //4.字节数组转换为字符串
        String s = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println(s);
    }

GET和POST方法都可用：

public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       //解决乱码Post
       //request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置字符流的编码

        String username = request.getParameter("username");
      username=new String(username.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
        System.out.println(username);


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Request请求转发

req5:

@WebServlet("/req5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5");
        //请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/req6").forward(request, response);

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

req6:

@WebServlet("/req6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6");

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

请求转发资源间共享数据：使用Request对象

void setAttribute(String name,Object o):存储数据到request域中

Object getAttribute(String name):根据key值，获取值

void removeAttribute(String name):根key值，删除该键值对

@WebServlet("/req5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5");
        //存储数据
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        //请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/req6").forward(request, response);

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/req6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6");
        //接受数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

请求转发的特点：

1.浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化

2.只能转发到当前服务器的内部资源

3.一次请求，可以在转发的资源间使用request共享数据

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ServletRequest

1.请求行：GET/request-demo/req1?username=zhangsan HTTP/1.1String getMethod():获取请求方式：GETString getContextPath():获取虚拟目录(项目访问路径): /request-demoStringBuffer getRequestURL():获取URL(统一资源定位符):http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1String getRequestURI():获取URI(统一资源标识符)
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