Mybatis之关联

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分类专栏： # Mybatis 文章标签： mybatis linux 运维

于 2024-01-18 19:36:10 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57907966/article/details/135682505

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本文介绍了数据库中的一对多、一对一和多对多关联关系在SQL查询和JavaORM映射中的实现，包括SQL语句、实体类设计、mapper接口配置以及如何利用懒加载技术优化性能。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

一、一对多关联

eg：一个用户对应多个订单

建表语句

CREATE TABLE `t_customer` (
	 `customer_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
	 `customer_name` CHAR(100), 
	 PRIMARY KEY (`customer_id`) 
);
CREATE TABLE `t_order` ( 
	`order_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
	`order_name` CHAR(100), 
	`customer_id` INT, 
	PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`) 
); 
INSERT INTO `t_customer` (`customer_name`) VALUES ('张三');
INSERT INTO `t_order` (`order_name`, `customer_id`) VALUES ('o1', '1'); 
INSERT INTO `t_order` (`order_name`, `customer_id`) VALUES ('o2', '1'); 
INSERT INTO `t_order` (`order_name`, `customer_id`) VALUES ('o3', '1');

关联查询：查询custmoer_id=1的用户的所有订单信息和用户信息

select t_customer.customer_id,customer_name,order_id,order_name from t_customer left JOIN t_order on t_customer.customer_id=t_order.customer_id
where t_customer.customer_id=1

在这里插入图片描述

Customer实体类：

@Data
public class Customer {
    private Integer customerId;
    private String customerName;
//一个顾客的所有订单
    private List<Order> orderList;
}

Order实体类：

@Data
public class Order {
    private Integer orderId;
    private String orderName;
    private Integer customerId;

}

mapper接口：

Customer getCustomerWithOrders(Integer customerId);

xml配置文件：

    <resultMap id="CustomerMap" type="Customer">
        <id property="customerId" column="customer_id"></id>
        <result property="customerName" column="customer_name"></result>

        <collection property="orderList" ofType="Order">
            <id property="orderId" column="order_id"></id>
            <result property="orderName" column="order_name"></result>
        </collection>

    </resultMap>

    <select id="getCustomerWithOrders" resultMap="CustomerMap">
        select t_customer.customer_id,customer_name,order_id,order_name from t_customer left JOIN t_order on t_customer.customer_id=t_order.customer_id
        where t_customer.customer_id=#{customerId}
    </select>

测试：

   @Test
    public void test01(){
        Customer customerWithOrders = orderMapper.getCustomerWithOrders(1);
        System.out.println(customerWithOrders);
    }

在“对多”关联关系中，同样有很多配置，但是提炼出来最关键的就是：“collection”和“ofType”

二、对一关联

eg：一个订单对应一个用户

sql语句：查询订单号为1的订单和用户信息

select t_order.* ,t_customer.customer_name from t_order LEFT JOIN t_customer on t_order.customer_id=t_customer.customer_id
where order_id=1;

查询结果:

在这里插入图片描述

order实体类新增Customer属性

@Data
public class Order {
    private Integer orderId;
    private String orderName;
    private Integer customerId;
    //对一关系，用户信息
    private Customer customer;
}

mapper接口：

    Order getOrderWithCustomer(Integer orderId);

xml配置文件：

    <resultMap id="OrderMap" type="Order">
        <id property="orderId" column="order_id"></id>
        <result property="orderName" column="order_name"></result>
        <association property="customer" javaType="Customer">
            <id property="customerId" column="customer_id"></id>
            <result property="customerName" column="customer_name"></result>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getOrderWithCustomer" resultMap="OrderMap">
        select t_order.* ,t_customer.customer_name from t_order LEFT JOIN t_customer on t_order.customer_id=t_customer.customer_id
        where order_id=#{orderId};

    </select>

测试:

   @Test
    public  void test02(){
        Order orderWithCustomer = orderMapper.getOrderWithCustomer(1);
        System.out.println(orderWithCustomer);
    }

三、OGNL风格的对一关联

<!--    OGNL风格的对一关联-->
    <select id="getOrderWithCustomer2" resultType="Order">
        select t_order.order_id,t_order.order_name,t_order.customer_id as 'customer.customerId',t_customer.customer_name as 'customer.customerName' from t_order LEFT JOIN t_customer on t_order.customer_id=t_customer.customer_id
        where order_id=#{orderId};
    </select>

注意起别名时，对象属性costomer.customerId要加上引号

四、多对多关联

eg：一本书对应多个种类，一个种类对应多本书

建立中间表将书和种类对应起来

①根据书的id，查询对应的具体信息和所属种类的信息：

mapper接口：

    /**
     * 根据书的id，查询对应的具体信息和所属种类的信息
     * @param bookId
     * @return
     */
    BookEntity selectBookOfCategories(Integer bookId);

xml配置文件：

    <resultMap id="BookMap" type="BookEntity">
        <id property="id" column="book_id"></id>
        <result property="name" column="name"></result>
        <collection property="categoryEntityList" ofType="CategoryEntity">
            <id property="categoryId" column="category_id"></id>
            <result property="categoryName" column="category_name"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectBookOfCategories" resultMap="BookMap">
        select book_id,category.category_id,category_name,name
        from books,category,category_book
        WHERE books.id=category_book.book_id
          and category_book.category_id=category.category_id
          and books.id=#{value}
    </select>

②根据种类的id，查询所有对应书的信息

mapper接口：

  CategoryEntity getCategory(Integer id);

xml配置文件

   <resultMap id="CategoryMap" type="CategoryEntity">
        <id property="categoryId" column="category_id"></id>
        <result property="categoryName" column="category_name"></result>
        <collection property="bookEntityList" ofType="BookEntity">
            <id property="id" column="book_id"></id>
            <result property="name" column="name"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getCategory" resultMap="CategoryMap">
        SELECT name,category.category_id ,category_name,book_id
        from  books,category,category_book
        WHERE books.id=category_book.book_id
          and category_book.category_id=category.category_id
          and category.category_id=#{value};
    </select>

五、分步查询

①分步查询对多关联

根据id查询顾客=>设置resultMap=>collection中的select指定OrderMapper.xml中的根据顾客id查询所有订单的select语句=>column指定传参（顾客id）

CustomerMapper.xml

<resultMap id="CustomerMap" type="Customer">
    <id property="customerId" column="customer_id"></id>
    <result property="customerName" column="customer_name"></result>
    <collection property="orderList" select="com.iflytek.mapper.OrderMapper.selectOrderListById" column="customer_id"></collection>
</resultMap>

<select id="getOrderListByCustomerId" resultMap="CustomerMap">
    select * from t_customer where customer_id=#{id}
</select>

OrderMapper.xml

<select id="selectOrderListById" resultMap="OrderMap0">
    select * from t_order where customer_id=#{value}
</select>

<resultMap id="OrderMap0" type="Order">
    <id property="orderId" column="order_id"></id>
    <result property="orderName" column="order_name"></result>
</resultMap>

关系总览：

在这里插入图片描述

②分步查询对一关联

OrderMapper.xml

根据订单id查询订单具体信息=>association标签中的select指定CustomerMapper.xml中的根据customer_id查询顾客信息的slecect语句=>column指定传参customer_id

    <resultMap id="OrderMap2" type="Order">
        <id property="orderId" column="order_id"></id>
        <result property="orderName" column="order_name"></result>
        <association property="customer" select="com.iflytek.mapper.CustomerMapper.getCustomerById" column="customer_id">
        </association>
    </resultMap>
    

    <select id="getOrderAndCustomer" resultMap="OrderMap2">
        select * from t_order where order_id=#{orderId}
    </select>

CustomerMapper.xml

根据用户id查询用户具体信息

    <resultMap id="CustomerMap0" type="Customer">
        <id property="customerId" column="customer_id"></id>
        <result property="customerName" column="customer_name"></result>
    </resultMap>

<select id="getCustomerById" resultMap="CustomerMap0">
    select * from t_customer where customer_id=#{value}
</select>

关系总览：

在这里插入图片描述

六、延迟加载

查询到Customer的时候，不一定会使用Order的List集合数据。如果Order的集合数据始终没有使用，那么这部分数据占用的内存就浪费了。对此，我们希望不一定会被用到的数据，能够在需要使用的时候再去查询。

延迟加载的概念：对于实体类关联的属性到需要使用时才查询。也叫懒加载。

yml配置文件中开启懒加载

mybatis:
  configuration:
    #开启懒加载
    lazy-loading-enabled: true

测试：

@Test
public void testSelectCustomerWithOrderList() throws InterruptedException {

    //对多关联
    Customer customer = mapper.selectCustomerWithOrderList(1);
    
    // 这里必须只打印“customerId或customerName”这样已经加载的属性才能看到延迟加载的效果
    // 这里如果打印Customer对象整体则看不到效果
    System.out.println("customer = " + customer.getCustomerName());
    
    // 先指定具体的时间单位，然后再让线程睡一会儿
    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
    
    List<Order> orderList = customer.getOrderList();
    
    for (Order order : orderList) {
        System.out.println("order = " + order);
    }
}

效果：刚开始先查询Customer本身，需要用到OrderList的时候才发送SQL语句去查询

DEBUG 11-30 11:25:31,127 ==>  Preparing: select customer_id,customer_name from t_customer where customer_id=?   (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
DEBUG 11-30 11:25:31,193 ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)  (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
DEBUG 11-30 11:25:31,314 <==      Total: 1  (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
customer = c01
DEBUG 11-30 11:25:36,316 ==>  Preparing: select order_id,order_name from t_order where customer_id=?   (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
DEBUG 11-30 11:25:36,316 ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)  (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
DEBUG 11-30 11:25:36,321 <==      Total: 3  (BaseJdbcLogger.java:145) 
order = Order{orderId=1, orderName='o1'}
order = Order{orderId=2, orderName='o2'}
order = Order{orderId=3, orderName='o3'}

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Mybatis之关联

根据订单id查询订单具体信息=>association标签中的select指定CustomerMapper.xml中的根据customer_id查询顾客信息的slecect语句=>column指定传参customer_id。根据id查询顾客=>设置resultMap=>collection中的select指定OrderMapper.xml中的根据顾客id查询所有订单的select语句=>column指定传参（顾客id）关联查询：查询custmoer_id=1的用户的所有订单信息和用户信息。
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