安卓-Activity与Fragment之间的通信

half_m

已于 2022-09-15 16:55:13 修改

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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： android java android studio

于 2022-09-14 10:52:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58013827/article/details/126848232

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安卓学习，Activity与Fragment之间的通信（一）

安卓学习，Activity与Fragment之间的通信（一）

1.从Fragment传值给Activity

这里就实现一个简单的例子来演示如何从Fragment中传信息出来给Activity
实际上就是用Fragment替换了一个Activity中的组件，并且当点击到Fragment中的按钮时，在fragment中调用Activity中的方法，将参数传过去。

activity_main.xml

activity_main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">


    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/line1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

Mainactivity.java

Mainactivity.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    BlankFragment fragment;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        fragment = new BlankFragment();
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.line1,fragment,null).commit();
    }
    public void receiveDataFragment(String data) {
        Toast.makeText(this,"收到来自Fragment的数据 " + data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

BlankFragment.java

BlankFragment.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class BlankFragment extends Fragment {

    Button button;
    private EditText editText;
    private String content;
    public BlankFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        editText = view.findViewById(R.id.edit);


        button = view.findViewById(R.id.tz);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                content = editText.getText().toString();
                ((MainActivity) getActivity()).receiveDataFragment(content);
            }
        });

    }
}

fragment_blank.xml

fragment_blank.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".BlankFragment">

    <!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/tz"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="tz"
            android:textSize="25dp"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="25dp"
            android:hint="输入值"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

</FrameLayout>

在Fragment中可以输入传递的值

		button = view.findViewById(R.id.tz);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                content = editText.getText().toString();
                ((MainActivity) getActivity()).receiveDataFragment(content);
            }
        });

并且同时调用Activity中的方法

public void receiveDataFragment(String data) {
        Toast.makeText(this,"收到来自Fragment的数据 " + data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

就可以将信息传到activity
请添加图片描述

2.从Activity传值给Fragment

在`MainActivity`中的重要代码

要想从Activity传值给Fragment也就是，先新建并定义出你要传给的Fragment，并且获取 FragmentManager 和 FragmentTransaction ，在创建Bundle，并且将数据存放到Bundle中，最后再将用fragment的setArguments()方法来将bundle设置到Fragment中。

		//定义需要添加的Fragment
        fragment = new BlankFragment2();
        //获取FragmentManager
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        //获取FragmentTransaction
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        //创建Bundle
        //Bundle bundle;
        bundle = new Bundle();
        //添加默认数据到Bundle
        bundle.putString("message", "Hello World! Hello My Life！");
        //将默认数据设置到Fragment中
        fragment.setArguments(bundle);

在Fragment中的重要部分

在Activity中设置好传给Fragment的数据后 （上面传出的值的Key为message，所以在获取数据时，我们选用的Key也应该同名），我们可以使用getArguments()方法来获取bundle ，再使用bundle的getString() 方法来获取对应Key的值。

		//通过bundle的getArguments来获取从Activity传来的数据
        bundle = this.getArguments();
        //获取对应key的值
        message = bundle.getString("message");

请添加图片描述

完整代码如下

当不写值时，有传出一个默认的值，点击获取就可以获取到默认的值；还可以通过输入值，在点击传出，随后在fragment中点击获取就可以将值展示在EditText中。

activity_main3.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity3"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/edit_act"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="25dp"
        android:hint="输入值"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/cz"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="将值传出"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/line1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

fragment_blank2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".BlankFragment2">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btntz"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="获取传入值"
            android:textSize="25dp"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit2"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="25dp"
            android:hint="等待传入值"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

</FrameLayout>

MainActivity3.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivity3 extends AppCompatActivity {

    EditText editTextA;
    BlankFragment2 fragment;
    Bundle bundle;
    private String content;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main3);
        editTextA = findViewById(R.id.edit_act);

        Button bcz = findViewById(R.id.cz);

        //定义需要添加的Fragment
        fragment = new BlankFragment2();
        //获取FragmentManager
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        //获取FragmentTransaction
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        //创建Bundle
        //Bundle bundle;
        bundle = new Bundle();
        //添加默认数据到Bundle
        bundle.putString("message", "Hello World! Hello My Life！");
        //将默认数据设置到Fragment中
        fragment.setArguments(bundle);
        //这里就是动态传值
        bcz.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                content = editTextA.getText().toString();
                bundle.putString("message", content);
                fragment.setArguments(bundle);
            }
        });

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.line1,fragment,null).commit();
    }
}

BlankFragment2.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class BlankFragment2 extends Fragment {

    Button button;
    EditText editText;
    Bundle bundle;
    String message;

    public BlankFragment2() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank2, container, false);
        editText = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.edit2);
        button = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btntz);

        //通过bundle的getArguments来获取从Activity传来的数据
        bundle = this.getArguments();
        //获取对应的值
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //获取对应key的值
                message = bundle.getString("message");
                editText.setText(message);
            }
        });

        return view;
    }
}

使用接口回调方法来实现从Fragment传值给Activity

要想实现这种方式的步骤如下：

Step1：在Fragment中定义一个回调接口（内部）

 public interface CallBack{
	 public void getResult(String mes);
 }

Step2：在Fragment中写一个接口回调方法

public void getData(CallBack callBack) {
	callBack.getResult(meg);
}

Step3：在Activity中重写实现这个接口中的方法

fragment.getData(new BlankFragment3.CallBack() {
	@Override
	public void getResult(String mes) {
		Toast.makeText(MainActivity4.this, mes, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		editTextA.setText(mes);
	}
});

完整代码如下：

activity_main4.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity4"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/edit_act4"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="25dp"
        android:hint="输入值"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/cz4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="将值传出"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/line4"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

fragment_blank3.xml

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class BlankFragment3 extends Fragment {

    TextView textView ;
    String meg;
    public BlankFragment3() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);

    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank3, container, false);
        textView = view.findViewById(R.id.text3);
        meg = textView.getText().toString();
        return view;
    }

    public interface CallBack{
        public void getResult(String mes);
    }

    public void getData(CallBack callBack) {
        callBack.getResult(meg);
    }
}

MainActivity4.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity4 extends AppCompatActivity {
    EditText editTextA;
    BlankFragment3 fragment;
    Bundle bundle;

    private String content;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main4);
        editTextA = findViewById(R.id.edit_act4);

        Button bcz = findViewById(R.id.cz4);

        fragment = new BlankFragment3();
        //获取FragmentManager
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        //获取FragmentTransaction
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        bcz.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                fragment.getData(new BlankFragment3.CallBack() {
                    @Override
                    public void getResult(String mes) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity4.this, "-->>" + mes, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        editTextA.setText(mes);
                    }
                });
            }
        });

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.line4, fragment, null).commit();
    }


}

BlankFragment3.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class BlankFragment3 extends Fragment {

    TextView textView ;
    String meg;
    public BlankFragment3() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);

    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank3, container, false);
        textView = view.findViewById(R.id.text3);
        meg = textView.getText().toString();
        return view;
    }

    public interface CallBack{
        public void getResult(String mes);
    }

    public void getData(CallBack callBack) {
        callBack.getResult(meg);
    }
}