Fragment和Activity之间的通信

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已于 2022-11-06 22:51:24 修改

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分类专栏： Android知识类文章标签： android

于 2022-09-28 00:20:22 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaokang666/article/details/127081216

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参考博客：

1、通过构造器
2、通过广播
3、通过EventBus
4、通过接口回调
5、通过ViewModel
6、通过Handler

Activity与Fragment之间通信的多种方式_东东旭huster的博客-CSDN博客_activity与fragment如何通信

一.通过Bundle通信的方式实现：

实现功能：Activity向Fragment传递数据

1.在Activity中利用Bundle将数据放进Fragment之中

package com.example.myapplication.Activity;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.example.myapplication.R;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment.FirstFragment;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private Button mButton;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        mButton = findViewById(R.id.button);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                //动态加载Fragment
                FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
                FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                FirstFragment firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
                //添加数据到Bundle中
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("messenger","Activity向Fragment传递的数据");
                firstFragment.setArguments(bundle);
                //提交修改
                fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.linearlayout, firstFragment);
                fragmentTransaction.commit();
            }
        });

    }


}

2.Activity对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".Activity.MainActivity">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="通信方向：Activity到Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/button" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.Fragment中接收Bundle中的数据，并且设置到TextView中

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;


import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {


    private View mRootView;


    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mRootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first, container, false);


        TextView mTextView = mRootView.findViewById(R.id.textview);

        //获取数据
        Bundle arguments = getArguments();
        String messenger = arguments.getString("messenger");

        //将数据设置到TextView中去
        mTextView.setText(messenger);

        return mRootView;
    }
}

4.Fragment对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="这是一个Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />


</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

5.最终实现的功能：点击Activity中的按钮，可以向Fragment中添加Bundle数据，并且动态添加Fragment，最后在Fragment中可以将获取的数据显示在Fragment中的TextView中。

二.通过接口回调的方式实现：

实现功能：Fragment向Activity传递数据

1.首先定义一个回调接口

package com.example.myapplication.CallBack;

public interface FirstCallBack {
     void onFirstCallBack(String text);
}

2.在Activity中实现接口，并且在回调方法中实现自己想要的功能（利用回调传入的String设置TextView的值）

package com.example.myapplication.Activity;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.myapplication.CallBack.FirstCallBack;
import com.example.myapplication.R;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment.FirstFragment;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements FirstCallBack {


    private TextView mTextView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //动态加载Fragment
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        FirstFragment firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
        fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment1, firstFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();

        mTextView = findViewById(R.id.textview);

    }

    //实现接口里面的方法
    @Override
    public void onFirstCallBack(String text) {
        mTextView.setText(text);
    }
}

3.Activity对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".Activity.MainActivity">


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="这是主界面的初始值"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textview" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

4.在Fragment中调用回调方法（调用activity中实现的回调方法）

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;


import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import com.example.myapplication.CallBack.FirstCallBack;
import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {


    private View mRootView;
    private FirstCallBack mFirstCallBack;


    //两个onAttach都要重写，防止别人调用不同的onAttach方法
    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);

        if (!(activity instanceof FirstCallBack)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("FirstFragment对应的Activity没有实现FirstCallBack接口！");

        } else {
            mFirstCallBack = (FirstCallBack) activity;
        }
    }

    //两个onAttach都要重写，防止别人调用不同的onAttach方法
    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        if (!(context instanceof FirstCallBack)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("FirstFragment对应的Activity没有实现FirstCallBack接口！");

        } else {
            mFirstCallBack = (FirstCallBack) context;
        }

    }

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mRootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first, container, false);

        //点击事件
        Button button = mRootView.findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //调用activity中的回调方法onFirstCallBack
                mFirstCallBack.onFirstCallBack("这是Fragment修改的值");
            }
        });
        return mRootView;
    }
}

5.Fragment对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="这是一个Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textview" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

6.最终实现的效果（点击Fragment中的button，可以将想要发送的String数据传给Activity并且设置在Activity上的TextView上）：

三.通过广播的方式实现：

实现功能：Fragment向Activity传递数据（Activity向Fragment传递数据也可以，同理，这里不做介绍了）

1.Fragment中点击Button发送广播，携带相应的数据信息

package com.example.myapplication.fragment;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;


import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager;

import com.example.myapplication.R;


public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {


    private View mRootView;
    private Button mButton;
    private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;


    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mRootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first, container, false);
        mButton = mRootView.findViewById(R.id.button);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                //发送广播
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction("com.example.myapplication.MyLocalBroadCast");
                intent.putExtra("messenger", "这是Fragment传递过来的数据");
                mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(getContext());
                mLocalBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);

            }
        });
        return mRootView;
    }
}

2.Fragment相应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="这是一个Fragment"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textview" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.对应的Activity中接收广播中传递过来的数据，并且将数据设置在Activity中的Textview中

package com.example.myapplication.Activity;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.myapplication.R;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment.FirstFragment;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;
    private FirstBroadCastReceiver mFirstBroadCastReceiver;
    private TextView mTextView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //接收广播
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.myapplication.MyLocalBroadCast");
        mFirstBroadCastReceiver = new FirstBroadCastReceiver();
        mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
        mLocalBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mFirstBroadCastReceiver, intentFilter);

        //动态加载Fragment
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        FirstFragment firstFragment = new FirstFragment();
        fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.linearlayout, firstFragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();

        mTextView = findViewById(R.id.textview);

    }


    //广播接收器的类
    class FirstBroadCastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String messenger = intent.getStringExtra("messenger");
            mTextView.setText(messenger);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //广播的解注册
        mLocalBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mFirstBroadCastReceiver);
    }
}

4.Activity对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".Activity.MainActivity">


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="这是主界面的初始值"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textview" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

5.最终实现的功能：点击Fragment上面的Button发送广播，在Activity中接收广播，并将接收到的数据设置在TextView中