Java第32天——整数矩阵及其运算

有了前面的基础，现在理解这个还是轻松，不像前面的Huffman树。

1，矩阵对象的创建.
2，getRows 等: getter, setter 在 java 里面很常用. 主要是为了访问控制.
3，整数矩阵的加法、乘法.
4，Exception 的抛出与捕获机制.
5，用 this 调用其它的构造方法以减少冗余代码.
6，代码看起来多, 但矩阵运算我们以前写过（其实去掉注释也就只有100多行）.
7，把数据类型修改成 double, 获得 DoubleMatrix.java, 以后会很有用.
8，getIdentityMatrix: 单位矩阵.
9，esultMatrix.data[i][i]: 成员变量的访问权限: 在同一类里面是可以直接使用的.

 代码

package matrix;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Int matrix. For efficiency we do not define ObjectMatrix. One can revise it to obtain DoubleMatrix.
 * 
 * @author goudiyuan
 */
public class IntMatrix {
	/**
	 * The data.
	 */
	int[][] data;

	/**
	 * ***********************
	 * The first constructor
	 * 
	 * @param paraRows
	 *             The number of rows.
	 * @param paraColumns
	 *             The number of columns.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(int paraRows, int paraColumns) {
		data = new int[paraRows][paraColumns];
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 * ***********************
	 * The second constructor
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *               The given matrix.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(int[][] paraMatrix) {
		data = new int[paraMatrix.length][paraMatrix[0].length];

		// Copy elements
		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < data[0].length; j++) {
				data[i][j] = paraMatrix[i][j];
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 * ***********************
	 * The third constructor. Construct a copy of the given matrix.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *               The given matrix.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(IntMatrix paraMatrix) {
		this(paraMatrix.getData());
	}// Of third constructor

	/**
	 * **********************
	 * Get identity matrix. The values at diagonal are all 1.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRows
	 *               The given rows
	 ****************************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix getIdentityMatrix(int paraRows) {
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(paraRows, paraRows);
		for (int i = 0; i < paraRows; i++) {
			// According to access control, resultMatrix.data can be visited.
			// directly.
			resultMatrix.data[i][i] = 1;
		} // Of for i
		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of getIdentityMatrix

	/**
	 * ***********************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of all class.
	 * **********************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		return Arrays.deepToString(data);
	}// Of toString

	/**
	 * *********************
	 * Get my data. Warning, the reference to the data instead of a copy of the data is returned.
	 * 
	 * @return The data matrix.
	 * *********************
	 */
	public int[][] getData() {
		return data;
	}// Of getData

	/**
	 * ***************
	 *  Getter.
	 *  
	 * @return The number of rows.
	 * ****************  
	 */
	public int getRows() {
		return data.length;
	}// Of getRows

	/**
	 * ***************
	 *  Getter.
	 *  
	 * @return The number of columns.
	 * ****************  
	 */
	public int getColumns() {
		return data[0].length;
	}// Of getColumns

	/**
	 * ***********************
	 * Set one the value of one element.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRow
	 *             The row of the element.
	 * @param paraColumn
	 *             The column of the element.
	 * @param paraValue
	 *             The new value.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public void setValue(int paraRow, int paraColumn, int paraValue) {
		data[paraRow][paraColumn] = paraValue;
	}// Of setValue

	/**
	 * *********************
	 * Get the value of one element.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRow
	 *             The row of the element.
	 * @param paraColumn
	 *             The column of the element.
	 * **********************
	 */
	public int getValue(int paraRow, int paraColumn) {
		return data[paraRow][paraColumn];
	}// Of getValue

	/**
	 * *********************
	 * Add another matrix to me.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *                The other matrix
	 * *********************
	 */
	public void add(IntMatrix paraMatrix) throws Exception {
		// Step 1. Get the data of the matrix.
		int[][] tempData = paraMatrix.getData();

		// Step 2. Size check.
		if (data.length != tempData.length) {
			throw new Exception(
					"Cannot add matrices. Rows not match: " + data.length + " vs. " + tempData.length + ".");
		} // Of if
		if (data[0].length != tempData[0].length) {
			throw new Exception(
					"Cannot add matrices. Rows not match: " + data[0].length + " vs. " + tempData[0].length + ".");
		} // Of if

		// Step 3. Add to me.
		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < data[0].length; j++) {
				data[i][j] += tempData[i][j];
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i
	}// Of add

	/**
	 * **********************
	 * Add two existing matrices.
	 * @param paraMatrix1
	 *               The first matrix.
	 * @param paraMatrix2
	 *               The second matrix.
	 * @return A new matrix.
	 * ***********************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix add(IntMatrix paraMatrix1, IntMatrix paraMatrix2) throws Exception {
		// Step 1. Clone the first matrix
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(paraMatrix1);

		// Step 2. Add the second one.
		resultMatrix.add(paraMatrix2);

		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of add

	/**
	 * ********************
	 * Multiply two existing matrices.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix1
	 *                 The first matrix.
	 * @param paraMatrix2
	 *                 The second matrix.
	 * @return A new matrix.
	 * *********************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix multiply(IntMatrix paraMatrix1, IntMatrix paraMatrix2) throws Exception {
		// Step 1.Check size.
		int[][] tempData1 = paraMatrix1.getData();
		int[][] tempData2 = paraMatrix1.getData();
		if (tempData1[0].length != tempData2[0].length) {
			throw new Exception("Cannot multiply matrices: " + tempData1[0].length + " vs. " + tempData2.length + ".");
		} // Of if

		// Step 2. Allocate space.
		int[][] resultData = new int[tempData1.length][tempData2[0].length];

		// Step 3. Multiply
		for (int i = 0; i < tempData1.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < tempData2[0].length; j++) {
				for (int k = 0; k < tempData1[0].length; k++) {
					resultData[i][j] += tempData1[i][k] * tempData2[k][j];
				} // Of for k
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i

		// Step 4. Construct the matrix object.
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(resultData);

		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of multiply

	/**
	 * **********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *           Not used now.
	 * ************************
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		IntMatrix tempMatrix1 = new IntMatrix(3, 3);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(0, 1, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(1, 0, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(1, 2, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(2, 1, 1);
		System.out.println("The original matrix is: " + tempMatrix1);

		IntMatrix tempMatrix2 = null;
		try {
			tempMatrix2 = IntMatrix.multiply(tempMatrix1, tempMatrix1);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
		} // Of try
		System.out.println("The square matrix is: " + tempMatrix2);

		IntMatrix tempMatrix3 = new IntMatrix(tempMatrix2);
		try {
			tempMatrix3.add(tempMatrix1);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
		} // Of try
		System.out.println("The connectivity matrix is: " + tempMatrix3);
	}// Of main

}// Of class IntMatrix

运行结果