简述归并排序
(1)算法思想
归并排序采用了分治策略(divide-and-conquer),就是将原问题分解为一些规模较小的相似子问题,然后递归解决这些子问题,最后合并其结果作为原问题的解。
归并排序将待排序数组A[1..n]分成两个各含n/2个元素的子序列,然后对这个两个子序列进行递归排序,最后将这两个已排序的子序列进行合并,即得到最终排好序的序列。具体排序过程如下图所示:
操作代码
/**
*********************
* Merge sort. Results are stored in the member variable data.
*********************
*/
public void mergeSort() {
// Step 1. Allocate space.
int tempRow; // The current row
int tempGroups; // Number of groups
int tempActualRow; // Only 0 or 1
int tempNextRow = 0;
int tempGroupNumber;
int tempFirstStart, tempSecondStart, tempSecondEnd;
int tempFirstIndex, tempSecondIndex;
int tempNumCopied;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
System.out.print(data[i]);
} // Of for i
System.out.println();
DataNode[][] tempMatrix = new DataNode[2][length];
// Step 2. Copy data.
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
tempMatrix[0][i] = data[i];
} // Of for i
// Step 3. Merge. log n rounds
tempRow = -1;
for (int tempSize = 1; tempSize <= length; tempSize *= 2) {
// Reuse the space of the two rows.
tempRow++;
System.out.println("Current row = " + tempRow);
tempActualRow = tempRow % 2;
tempNextRow = (tempRow + 1) % 2;
tempGroups = length / (tempSize * 2);
if (length % (tempSize * 2) != 0) {
tempGroups++;
} // Of if
System.out.println("tempSize = " + tempSize + ", numGroups = " + tempGroups);
for (tempGroupNumber = 0; tempGroupNumber < tempGroups; tempGroupNumber++) {
tempFirstStart = tempGroupNumber * tempSize * 2;
tempSecondStart = tempGroupNumber * tempSize * 2 + tempSize;
if (tempSecondStart > length - 1) {
// Copy the first part.
for (int i = tempFirstStart; i < length; i++) {
tempMatrix[tempNextRow][i] = tempMatrix[tempActualRow][i];
} // Of for i
continue;
} // Of if
tempSecondEnd = tempGroupNumber * tempSize * 2 + tempSize * 2 - 1;
if (tempSecondEnd > length - 1) {
tempSecondEnd = length - 1;
} // Of if
System.out
.println("Trying to merge [" + tempFirstStart + ", " + (tempSecondStart - 1)
+ "] with [" + tempSecondStart + ", " + tempSecondEnd + "]");
tempFirstIndex = tempFirstStart;
tempSecondIndex = tempSecondStart;
tempNumCopied = 0;
while ((tempFirstIndex <= tempSecondStart - 1)
&& (tempSecondIndex <= tempSecondEnd)) {
if (tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempFirstIndex].key <= tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempSecondIndex].key) {
tempMatrix[tempNextRow][tempFirstStart
+ tempNumCopied] = tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempFirstIndex];
tempFirstIndex++;
System.out.println("copying " + tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempFirstIndex]);
} else {
tempMatrix[tempNextRow][tempFirstStart
+ tempNumCopied] = tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempSecondIndex];
System.out.println("copying " + tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempSecondIndex]);
tempSecondIndex++;
} // Of if
tempNumCopied++;
} // Of while
while (tempFirstIndex <= tempSecondStart - 1) {
tempMatrix[tempNextRow][tempFirstStart
+ tempNumCopied] = tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempFirstIndex];
tempFirstIndex++;
tempNumCopied++;
} // Of while
while (tempSecondIndex <= tempSecondEnd) {
tempMatrix[tempNextRow][tempFirstStart
+ tempNumCopied] = tempMatrix[tempActualRow][tempSecondIndex];
tempSecondIndex++;
tempNumCopied++;
} // Of while
} // Of for groupNumber
System.out.println("Round " + tempRow);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
System.out.print(tempMatrix[tempNextRow][i] + " ");
} // Of for j
System.out.println();
} // Of for tempStepSize
data = tempMatrix[tempNextRow];
}// Of mergeSort
/**
*********************
* Test the method.
*********************
*/
public static void mergeSortTest() {
int[] tempUnsortedKeys = { 5, 3, 6, 10, 7, 1, 9 };
String[] tempContents = { "if", "then", "else", "switch", "case", "for", "while" };
DataArray tempDataArray = new DataArray(tempUnsortedKeys, tempContents);
System.out.println(tempDataArray);
tempDataArray.mergeSort();
System.out.println(tempDataArray);
}// Of mergeSortTest
运行结果
-------MergeSortTest-------
I am a data array with 7 items.
(5, if) (3, then) (6, else) (10, switch) (7, case) (1, for) (9, while)
(5, if) (3, then) (6, else) (10, switch) (7, case) (1, for) (9, while)
Current row = 0
tempSize = 1, numGroups = 4
Trying to merge [0, 0] with [1, 1]
copying (3, then)
Trying to merge [2, 2] with [3, 3]
copying (10, switch)
Trying to merge [4, 4] with [5, 5]
copying (1, for)
Round 0
(3, then) (5, if) (6, else) (10, switch) (1, for) (7, case) (9, while)
Current row = 1
tempSize = 2, numGroups = 2
Trying to merge [0, 1] with [2, 3]
copying (5, if)
copying (6, else)
Trying to merge [4, 5] with [6, 6]
copying (7, case)
copying (9, while)
Round 1
(3, then) (5, if) (6, else) (10, switch) (1, for) (7, case) (9, while)
Current row = 2
tempSize = 4, numGroups = 1
Trying to merge [0, 3] with [4, 6]
copying (1, for)
copying (5, if)
copying (6, else)
copying (10, switch)
copying (7, case)
copying (9, while)
Round 2
(1, for) (3, then) (5, if) (6, else) (7, case) (9, while) (10, switch)
I am a data array with 7 items.
(1, for) (3, then) (5, if) (6, else) (7, case) (9, while) (10, switch)