MySQL多实例部署与主从配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 17:17:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 17:17:26 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58328312/article/details/125590923

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一.MySQL多实例部署

1.安装MySQL

//创建MySQL用户
[root@192 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql   
[root@192 ~]# id mysql
uid=994(mysql) gid=991(mysql) 组=991(mysql)
[root@192 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@192 src]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/       //解压MySQL软件包到指定目录下
[root@192 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@192 local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
[root@192 local]# mv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql   //更改名称为mysql
[root@192 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/     //修改属主属组
[root@192 local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root  root   17 7月   1 06:45 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 7月   3 19:06 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root  root   49 7月   1 06:45 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 6月  22 2021 src
[root@192 local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh    
[root@192 local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@192 local]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql     //配置环境变量
[root@192 local]# cd mysql/
[root@192 mysql]# ls
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files
[root@192 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql   //创建软连接
[root@192 mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf  //配置lib库
[root@192 mysql]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@192 mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf   //添加man文档
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man


//创建数据库目录存放文件
[root@192 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@192 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@192 ~]# ll /opt/data/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 7月   3 19:21 3306
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 7月   3 19:21 3307
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 7月   3 19:21 3308

2.配置多实例

//mysql初始化

//3306
[root@192 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3306
2022-07-03T11:23:32.197007Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-03T11:23:32.508362Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-03T11:23:32.603687Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-03T11:23:32.687950Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 924ec9b7-fac2-11ec-902c-000c291f07bc.
2022-07-03T11:23:32.690049Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-03T11:23:33.410250Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:23:33.410287Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:23:33.411445Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-03T11:23:33.828717Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ChSdk6kudh!u
[root@192 ~]# echo 'ChSdk6kudh!u' > 3306


//3307
[root@192 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3307
2022-07-03T11:24:06.138367Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-03T11:24:06.391342Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-03T11:24:06.452123Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-03T11:24:06.527877Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a67a59eb-fac2-11ec-8ef8-000c291f07bc.
2022-07-03T11:24:06.529278Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-03T11:24:07.156304Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:24:07.156321Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:24:07.156867Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-03T11:24:07.304598Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6xhwKdt_rc#n
[root@192 ~]# echo '6xhwKdt_rc#n' > 3307


//3308
[root@192 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3308
2022-07-03T11:24:45.260949Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-03T11:24:45.488489Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-03T11:24:45.538620Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-03T11:24:45.594227Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: bdc36793-fac2-11ec-97c4-000c291f07bc.
2022-07-03T11:24:45.597135Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-03T11:24:46.640785Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:24:46.640899Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-03T11:24:46.641371Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-03T11:24:46.822969Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;oqx5).fwvtF
[root@192 ~]# echo ';oqx5).fwvtF' > 3308

安装软件包，配置my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl  //执行脚本需要
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs  //连接mysql需要




//配置my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log

[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log

[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log

启动实例

[root@192 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@192 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3307
[root@192 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308

[root@192 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port      Peer Address:Port   Process                   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22             0.0.0.0:*                                
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22                [::]:*                                
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3306                 *:*                
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3307                 *:*                
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3308                 *:*

修改密码

//3306修改密码
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ChSdk6kudh!u' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock 

mysql> set password = password('runtime123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

//3307修改密码
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'6xhwKdt_rc#n' -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock 
mysql> set password = password('runtime123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//3308修改密码
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p';oqx5).fwvtF' -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock 
mysql> set password = password('runtime123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

设置开机自启

[root@192 ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@192 system]# cp sshd.service 3306.service
[root@192 system]# cat 3306.service 
[Unit]
Description=3306 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
Wants=sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

关闭selinux并且设置软连接

//关闭selinux
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled


//设置软连接
[root@192 ~]# which my_print_defaults
/usr/local/mysql/bin/my_print_defaults
[root@192 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin/

测试

//可以正常启动和关闭
[root@192 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@192 ~]# systemctl start 3306.service
[root@192 ~]# systemctl enable --now 3306.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/3306.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service.
[root@192 ~]# systemctl status 3306.service 
● 3306.service - 3306 server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service; enabled; vendor preset: d>
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-07-02 12:26:01 CST; 23s ago
 Main PID: 251609 (mysqld_safe)
    Tasks: 28 (limit: 4596)
   Memory: 155.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/3306.service
           ├─251609 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data/3>
           └─251743 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datad>

//关闭
[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop 3306.service 
[root@192 ~]# systemctl status 3306.service   //查看状态，已经有开机自启
● 3306.service - 3306 server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service; enabled; vendor preset: d>
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2022-07-02 12:27:06 CST; 1s ago
  Process: 257522 ExecStop=/usr/bin/ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep|awk {print $>
 Main PID: 251609 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

同理配置3307与3308

[root@192 system]# cp 3306.service  3308.service
[root@192 system]# cp 3306.service  3307.service

//3307配置
[root@192 system]# cat 3307.service 
[Unit]
Description=3307 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
Wants=sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3307
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3307 | grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//3308配置
[root@192 system]# cat 3308.service 
[Unit]
Description=3308 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
Wants=sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3308
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3308 | grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//开机自启
[root@192 system]# systemctl enable --now 3307.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/3307.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/3307.service.
[root@192 system]# systemctl enable --now 3308.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/3308.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/3308.service.

二.MySQL主从配置

1.主从介绍

作用

实时灾备，用于故障切换
读写分离，提供查询服务
备份，避免影响业务

主从形式

一主一从
主主复制
一主多从---扩展系统读取的性能，因为读是在从库读取的
多主一从---5.7开始支持
联级复制

2.主从复制原理

主从复制步骤：

主库将所有的写操作记录到binlog日志中并生成一个log dump线程，将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程
从库生成两个线程，一个I/O线程，一个SQL线程
- I/O线程去请求主库的binlog，并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log（中继日志）文件中
- SQL线程，会读取relay log文件中的日志，并解析成具体操作，来实现主从的操作一致，达到最终数据一致的目的

3.主从复制配置

主从复制配置步骤：

确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
配置主数据库（修改配置文件）
配置从数据库（修改配置文件）

环境:

主数据库： ip：192.168.80.128

从数据库： ip：192.168.80.129

1.确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样

全备主库

//主机开启新终端进入mysql给数据库加上读锁，避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

//进行全备
[root@192 ~]#  mysqldump -uroot -p'runtime123!' --all-databases > all-$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S').sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@192 ~]# ls
all-20220703052259.sql  initial-setup-ks.cfg    anaconda-ks.cfg         

//将数据库从主库传到从库
[root@192 ~]# scp all-20220703052259.sql 192.168.80.129:/root/
all-20220703052259.sql        


//从库主机
[root@192 ~]# ls
all-20220703052259.sql  anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg

//在从库将数据库恢复
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'runtime123!' < all-20220703052259.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'runtime123!' -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
                                  
//此时从库与主库数据一致

2.在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用

mysql> CREATE USER 'qinyu'@'192.168.80.129' IDENTIFIED BY 'qinyu123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'qinyu'@'192.168.80.129';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.配置主数据库

[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10       //mysql服务器标识符，主库必须小于从库
log-bin=mysql_bin  //启用binlog日志

[root@192 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service  //重启mysql


//查看主库的状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.配置从数据库

[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin   

[root@192 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

5.配置并且启动主从复制

//登录到从库
[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'runtime123!'

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST= '192.168.80.128',  //主库的ip地址
    -> MASTER_USER='qinyu',            //配置主库授权的用户和密码
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='qinyu123',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql_bin.000001',   
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=154;     
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)


//关闭防火墙
[root@192 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service 
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

[root@192 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2022-07-03 21:08:47 EDT; 1h 37min ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 1061 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1061 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

//启动主从
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.80.128
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes     //为yes才算生效
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes     //为yes才算生效
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 527
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 10
                  Master_UUID: 4c6c9441-f9ae-11ec-8757-000c2996f1b8
             Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试

在主库随意创建一个库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.26 sec)

mysql> create database hhhhhhhh;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| hhhhhhhh           |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

在从库查看

[root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'runtime123!' -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| hhhhhhhh           |
+--------------------+

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MySQL多实例部署与主从配置

2.配置多实例安装软件包，配置my.cnf文件启动实例修改密码设置开机自启关闭selinux并且设置软连接测试同理配置3307与3308二.MySQL主从配置1.主从介绍作用主从形式主从复制步骤：主从复制配置步骤：环境:主数据库： ip：192.168.80.128 从数据库： ip：192.168.80.1291.确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样2.在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用3.配置主数据库4.配置从数据库
复制链接

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