ansible常用模块
- 1. ansible常用模块使用详解
- 2. ansible常用模块之ping
- 3. ansible常用模块之command
- 4. ansible常用模块之raw
- 5. ansible常用模块之shell
- 6. ansible常用模块之script
- 7. ansible常用模块之template
- 8. ansible常用模块之yum
- 9. ansible常用模块之copy
- 10. ansible常用模块之group
- 11. ansible常用模块之user
- 12. ansible常用模块之service
- 作业
1. ansible常用模块使用详解
ansible常用模块有：
- ping
- yum
- template
- copy
- user
- group
- service
- raw
- command
- shell
- script
ansible常用模块raw、command、shell的区别：
- shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行
- command模块不是调用的shell的指令，所以没有bash的环境变量
- raw很多地方和shell类似，更多的地方建议使用shell和command模块。但是如果是使用老版本python，需要用到raw，又或者是客户端是路由器，因为没有安装python模块，那就需要使用raw模块了
2. ansible常用模块之ping
ping模块用于检查指定节点机器是否连通，用法很简单，不涉及参数，主机如果在线，则回复pong
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m ping
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
3. ansible常用模块之command
command模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，ansible默认就是使用command模块。
command模块有一个缺陷就是不能使用管道符和重定向功能。
//查看受控主机的/tmp目录内容
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'ls /tmp'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
ansible_Xs1oym
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-chronyd.service-cVTNsE
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vgauthd.service-XAgkCm
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vmtoolsd.service-rwqet5
//在受控主机的/tmp目录下新建一个文件test
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'touch /tmp/test'
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running touch. If you need to use command because
file is insufficient you can add warn=False to this command task or set command_warnings=False in ansible.cfg to get rid
of this message.
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'ls /tmp'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
ansible_7YD229
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-chronyd.service-cVTNsE
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vgauthd.service-XAgkCm
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vmtoolsd.service-rwqet5
test
//command模块不支持管道符，不支持重定向
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a "echo 'hello world' > /tmp/test"
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hello world > /tmp/test
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'cat /tmp/test'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'ps -ef|grep vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
error: unsupported SysV option
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).non-zero return code
4. ansible常用模块之raw
raw模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，其支持管道符与重定向
//支持重定向
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m raw -a 'echo "hello world" > /tmp/test'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Shared connection to 172.16.103.129 closed.
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'cat /tmp/test'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hello world
//支持管道符
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m raw -a 'cat /tmp/test|grep -Eo hello'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hello
Shared connection to 172.16.103.129 closed.
5. ansible常用模块之shell
shell模块用于在受控机上执行受控机上的脚本，亦可直接在受控机上执行命令。
shell模块亦支持管道与重定向。
//查看受控机上的脚本
[root@localhost ~]# ll /scripts/
总用量 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52 9月 7 22:49 test.sh
//使用shell模块在受控机上执行受控机上的脚本
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a '/bin/bash /scripts/test.sh &> /tmp/test'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/test'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
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6. ansible常用模块之script
script模块用于在受控机上执行主控机上的脚本
[root@ansible ~]# ll /etc/ansible/scripts/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 9月 8 18:59 a.sh
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m script -a '/etc/ansible/scripts/a.sh &>/tmp/a'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.103.129 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 172.16.103.129 closed."
],
"stdout": "",
"stdout_lines": []
}
//查看受控机上的/tmp/a文件内容
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/a'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
....此处省略N行
jerry:x:1000:1000::/home/jerry:/bin/bash
//由此可见确是在受控机上执行了主控机上的脚本，且输出记录到了受控机上。因为此处 \
//的jerry用户是在受控机上才有的用户
7. ansible常用模块之template
template模块用于生成一个模板，并可将其传输至远程主机上。
//下载一个163的yum源文件并开启此源
[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@ansible yum.repos.d]# curl -o CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
//将设置好的163源传到受控主机
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m template -a 'src=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/163.repo'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "60b8868e0599489038710c45025fc11cbccf35f2",
"dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/163.repo",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "5a3e688854d9ceccf327b953dab55b21",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 1462,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536311319.27-78101453778196/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
//查看受控机上是否有163源
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
163.repo
8. ansible常用模块之yum
yum模块用于在指定节点机器上通过yum管理软件，其支持的参数主要有两个
- name：要管理的包名
- state：要进行的操作
state常用的值：
- latest：安装软件
- installed：安装软件
- present：安装软件
- removed：卸载软件
- absent：卸载软件
若想使用yum来管理软件，请确保受控机上的yum源无异常。
//在受控机上查询看vsftpd软件是否安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]#
//在ansible主机上使用yum模块在受控机上安装vsftpd
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=present'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"msg": "warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/base/packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY\nImporting GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:\n Userid : \"CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>\"\n Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5\n From : http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7\n",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager\nThis system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-22.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-22.el7 base 169 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 169 k\nInstalled size: 348 k\nDownloading packages:\nPublic key for vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed\nRetrieving key from http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-22.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
//查看受控机上是否安装了vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
9. ansible常用模块之copy
copy模块用于复制文件至远程受控机。
[root@ansible ~]# ls /etc/ansible/scripts/
a.sh
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m copy -a 'src=/etc/ansible/scripts/a.sh dest=/scripts/'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "83f66f804c195247885b013912cf9dc649f36391",
"dest": "/scripts/a.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "a63e880a932bba1160f329836cbfd730",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 61,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536406467.26-35192956264311/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'ls /scripts/'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
a.sh
test.sh
10. ansible常用模块之group
group模块用于在受控机上添加或删除组。
//在受控机上添加一个系统组，其gid为306，组名为mysql
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m group -a 'name=mysql gid=306 state=present'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 306,
"name": "mysql",
"state": "present",
"system": false
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'grep mysql /etc/group'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
mysql:x:306:
//删除受控机上的mysql组
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m group -a 'name=mysql state=absent'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"name": "mysql",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'grep mysql /etc/group'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code
11. ansible常用模块之user
user模块用于管理受控机的用户帐号。
//在受控机上添加一个系统用户，用户名为mysql，uid为306，设置其shell为/sbin/nologin，无家目录
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m user -a 'name=mysql uid=306 system=yes create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin state=present'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": false,
"group": 306,
"home": "/home/mysql",
"name": "mysql",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 306
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'grep mysql /etc/passwd'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
mysql:x:306:306::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'ls /home'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
jerry
//修改mysql用户的uid为366
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m user -a 'name=mysql uid=366'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"append": false,
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"group": 306,
"home": "/home/mysql",
"move_home": false,
"name": "mysql",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"uid": 366
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'grep mysql /etc/passwd'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
mysql:x:366:306::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
//删除受控机上的mysql用户
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m user -a 'name=mysql state=absent'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "mysql",
"remove": false,
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'grep mysql /etc/passwd'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code
12. ansible常用模块之service
service模块用于管理受控机上的服务。
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否启动
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
unknownnon-zero return code
//启动受控机上的vsftpd服务
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=started'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"name": "vsftpd",
"state": "started",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0",
....此处省略N行
}
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否启动
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
active
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否开机自动启动
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-enabled vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
disablednon-zero return code
//设置受控机上的vsftpd服务开机自动启动
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m service -a 'name=vsftpd enabled=yes'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"enabled": true,
"name": "vsftpd",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestamp": "六 2018-09-08 00:02:39 EDT",
....此处省略N行
}
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否开机自动启动
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-enabled vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
enabled
//停止受控机上的vsftpd服务
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=stopped'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"name": "vsftpd",
"state": "stopped",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestamp": "六 2018-09-08 00:02:39 EDT",
....此处省略N行
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active vsftpd'
172.16.103.129 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
inactivenon-zero return code
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -m shell -a 'ss -antl'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
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