2022/3/27
1. 课堂练习的“家具管理系统”题目。
#pragma once
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Date {
public:
Date() {}
Date(int y, int m, int d) {
year = y;
month = m;
date = d;
}//构造函数
Date(const Date& T) {
year = T.year;
month = T.month;
date = T.date;
}//复制构造函数
void d(int y, int m, int d);
void out()const;
private:
int year = 2019;//年
int month = 1;//月
int date = 2;//日
};
class Furniture {
public:
Furniture(){}
Furniture(Furniture& T) {
name = T.name;
price = T.price;
number = new int(*T.number);
stock = T.stock;
date = T.date;
}//复制构造函数
void display(const Date& T);
void changestock(int s);
void changenum(int n);
void changedate(int y, int m, int d);
Date out();
private:
string name = "桌子";//名称
int price = 600;//价格
int* number = new int(5);//数目
static int stock;//库存量
Date date;//日期
};
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"1.h"
void Date::d(int y, int m, int d) {
year = y;
month = m;
date = d;
}//改变日期
void Date::out()const {
cout << year << " " << month << " " << date << endl;
}
int Furniture::stock = 5;
void Furniture::display(const Date& T) {
T.out();
cout << "Name:" << name << endl;
cout << "Price:" << price << endl;
cout << "Number:" << *number << endl;
cout << "Stock:" << stock << endl;
cout << endl;
}//输出信息
void Furniture::changestock(int s) {
stock = s;
}//库存量调整
void Furniture::changenum(int n) {
*number = n;
}//数目调整
void Furniture::changedate(int y, int m, int d) {
date.d(y, m, d);
}//改变日期
Date Furniture::out() {
return date;
}//返回日期
int main() {
Furniture funiture1;//定义家具一
funiture1.display(funiture1.out());//输出家具一信息
Furniture funiture2(funiture1);//复制家具二
Furniture* funiture = &funiture2;//定义对象指针
funiture->changenum(20);
funiture->changestock(25);
funiture->changedate(2022, 3, 27);
funiture->display(funiture->out());//输出家具二信息
return 0;
}
2. 阅读下面的程序与输出结果，添加一个拷贝构造函数来完善整个程序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cat
{
public:
Cat();
~Cat();
int getage()const{return *itsage;}
void setage(int age){*itsage=age;}
protected:
int *itsage;
};
Cat::Cat()
{
itsage=new int;
*itsage=5;
}
Cat::~Cat()
{
delete itsage;
itsage=NULL;
}
int main()
{
Cat frisky;
cout<<"frisky's age:"<<frisky.getage()<<endl;
cout<<"setting frisky to 6...\n";
frisky.setage(6);
cout<<"creating boots from frisky\n";
Cat boots(frisky);
cout<<"frisky's age:"<<frisky.getage()<<endl;
cout<<"boots'age:"<<boots.getage()<<endl;
cout<<"setting frisky to 7...\n";
frisky.setage(7);
cout<<"frisky's age:"<<frisky.getage()<<endl;
cout<<"boots'age:"<<boots.getage()<<endl;
return 0;
}
当添加了拷贝构造函数后，程序的运行结果为：
frisky's age:5
setting frisky to 6...
creating boots from frisky
frisky's age:6
boots'age:6
setting frisky to 7...
frisky's age:7
boots'age:6
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cat{
public:
Cat();
Cat(const Cat& T) {
itsage = new int(*T.itsage);
}
~Cat();
int getage()const {
return *itsage;
}
void setage(int age) {
*itsage = age;
}
protected:
int* itsage;
};
Cat::Cat(){
itsage = new int;
*itsage = 5;
}
Cat::~Cat(){
delete itsage;
itsage = NULL;
}
int main(){
Cat frisky;
cout << "frisky's age:" << frisky.getage() << endl;
cout << "setting frisky to 6...\n";
frisky.setage(6);
cout << "creating boots from frisky\n";
Cat boots(frisky);
cout << "frisky's age:" << frisky.getage() << endl;
cout << "boots'age:" << boots.getage() << endl;
cout << "setting frisky to 7...\n";
frisky.setage(7);
cout << "frisky's age:" << frisky.getage() << endl;
cout << "boots'age:" << boots.getage() << endl;
return 0;
}
3.创建Employee类，该类包含姓名、街道地址、市、省和邮政编码，以及入职时间等属性。要求入职时间定义为一个Date类。（提示：需要注意组合类构造函数正确定义）。
要求：
1）使用string类型定义类的数据成员
2）主程序中动态建立Employee类的对象，完成对象数据成员的输入和输出。
3）通过复制的方法生成一个新对象
#pragma once
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Date {
public:
Date() {}
Date(int y, int m, int d) {
year = y;
month = m;
date = d;
}//构造函数
Date(const Date& T) {
year = T.year;
month = T.month;
date = T.date;
}
void out();
private:
int year = 0;//年
int month = 0;//月
int date = 0;//日
};
class Employee {
public:
Employee(string n, string a, string ci, string p, string co) {
name = n;
address = a;
city = ci;
province = p;
code = co;
}//构造函数
Employee(const Employee& T) {
name = T.name;
address = T.address;
city = T.city;
province = T.province;
code = T.code;
date = T.date;
}
void n(string tmp);
void a(string tmp);
void ci(string tmp);
void p(string tmp);
void co(string tmp);
void d(Date x);
void out();
private:
string name;//姓名
string address;//地址
string city;//城市
string province;//省份
string code;//编码
Date date;//日期
};
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"3.h"
using namespace std;
void Date::out() {
cout << year << " " << month << " " << date;
}
void Employee::n(string tmp) {
name = tmp;
}
void Employee::a(string tmp) {
address = tmp;
}
void Employee::ci(string tmp) {
city = tmp;
}
void Employee::p(string tmp) {
province = tmp;
}
void Employee::co(string tmp) {
code = tmp;
}
void Employee::d(Date x) {
date = x;
}
void Employee::out() {
cout << name << " " << address << " " << city << " " << province << " " << code << " ";
date.out();
}
int main() {
string tmp;
int a, b, c;
Employee* employee1 = new Employee("张三", "朝晖街道", "杭州", "浙江", "310000");
cout << "请输入姓名：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->n(tmp);
cout << "请输入地址：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->a(tmp);
cout << "请输入城市：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->ci(tmp);
cout << "请输入省份：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->p(tmp);
cout << "请输入邮编：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->co(tmp);
cout << "请输入年月日：";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
Date* date = new Date(a, b, c);
employee1->d(*date);
Employee employee2 = *employee1;//复制新对象
cout << "输出：" << endl;
employee2.out();
return 0;
}
4. 以char* 形式，完成Employee类中姓名，街道等属性定义，完成第1题中的要求2)，3)。
#pragma once
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Date {
public:
Date() {}
Date(int y, int m, int d) {
year = y;
month = m;
date = d;
}//构造函数
Date(const Date& T) {
year = T.year;
month = T.month;
date = T.date;
}
void out();
private:
int year = 0;//年
int month = 0;//月
int date = 0;//日
};
class Employee {
public:
Employee(){}
Employee(char* n, char* a, char* ci, char* p, char* co) {
strcpy_s(name, n);
strcpy_s(address, a);
strcpy_s(city, ci);
strcpy_s(province, p);
strcpy_s(code, co);
}//构造函数
Employee(const Employee& T) {
strcpy_s(name, T.name);
strcpy_s(address, T.address);
strcpy_s(city, T.city);
strcpy_s(province, T.province);
strcpy_s(code, T.code);
date = T.date;
}
void n(char* tmp);
void a(char* tmp);
void ci(char* tmp);
void p(char* tmp);
void co(char* tmp);
void d(Date x);
void out();
private:
char name[20];//姓名
char address[20];//地址
char city[20];//城市
char province[20];//省份
char code[20];//编码
Date date;//日期
};
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"4.h"
using namespace std;
void Date::out() {
cout << year << " " << month << " " << date;
}
void Employee::n(char* tmp) {
strcpy_s(name, tmp);
}
void Employee::a(char* tmp) {
strcpy_s(address, tmp);
}
void Employee::ci(char* tmp) {
strcpy_s(city, tmp);
}
void Employee::p(char* tmp) {
strcpy_s(province, tmp);
}
void Employee::co(char* tmp) {
strcpy_s(code, tmp);
}
void Employee::d(Date x) {
date = x;
}
void Employee::out() {
cout << name << " " << address << " " << city << " " << province << " " << code << " ";
date.out();
}
int main() {
char tmp[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
int a, b, c;
Employee* employee1 = new Employee();
cout << "请输入姓名：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->n(tmp);
cout << "请输入地址：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->a(tmp);
cout << "请输入城市：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->ci(tmp);
cout << "请输入省份：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->p(tmp);
cout << "请输入邮编：";
cin >> tmp;
employee1->co(tmp);
cout << "请输入年月日：";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
Date* date = new Date(a, b, c);
employee1->d(*date);
Employee employee2 = *employee1;//复制新对象
cout << "输出：" << endl;
employee2.out();
return 0;
}
5. Josephus（约瑟夫）问题：有n个人围成一个圈，从第1个人开始报数，数到第m个人，让他出局；然后从出局的下一个人重新开始报数，数到第m个人，再让他出局，……，如此反复直到剩下一个人，问此人编号为几？
建立约瑟夫问题的合理类，计算出最后获胜的孩子编号。
#pragma once
class Josephus {
public:
Josephus(int a, int b) {
n = a;
m = b;
left = n;
}//构造函数
int circle();//报数
private:
int n;//总人数
int m;//出局数
int left;//剩余人数
};
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"5.h"
using namespace std;
int Josephus::circle() {
int num = 0, cnt = 0;
bool flag[101];
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
flag[i] = 1;
}
while (left > 1) {
num = num % n + 1;//轮到序号
if (flag[num]) {
cnt = cnt + 1;//报到的数
}
if (cnt == m) {
flag[num] = 0;//出局
cnt = 0;//报数清零
left = left - 1;//人数减一
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (flag[i]) {
return i;
}
}
}
int main() {
int n, m;
cin >> n >> m;
Josephus x(n, m);
cout<<"最后的编号为："<<x.circle();
return 0;
}
实验总结
- 注意const关键字的使用
- 注意static关键字在类中的使用
- 注意指针和数组的初始化
- 注意复制构造函数是否要开辟空间
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