Session:(主菜)+验证码功能完善

## Session:主菜

       1. 概念:服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。HttpSession--------------à也就只能在一次

       2. 快速入门:

              1. 获取HttpSession对象:

                     HttpSession session = request.getSession();

              2. 使用HttpSession对象:

                     Object getAttribute(String name) 

                     void setAttribute(String name, Object value)

                     void removeAttribute(String name) 

       代码实现:

创建两个类Demo/Democracy  demo1共享数据  Demo2获取数据

Demo1

@WebServlet("/sessionDemo1")
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //使用session共享数据
        //1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //2.存储数据
        session.setAttribute("msg","hello session");
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

Demo2

@WebServlet("/sessionDemo2")
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //使用session获取数据
        //1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //2.获取数据
        Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

       3. 原理

              * Session的实现是依赖于Cookie的。

       4. 细节:

              1. 当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?

                     * 默认情况下。不是。

                     * 如果需要相同,则可以创建Cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存。

                     Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());

                     c.setMaxAge(60*60);

                     response.addCookie(c);

代码实现:

@WebServlet("/sessionDemo3")
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println(session);

        //期望客户端关闭后,session也能相同
        Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
        c.setMaxAge(60*60);
        response.addCookie(c);

    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

2. 客户端不关闭,服务器关闭后,两次获取的session是同一个吗?

 * 不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失。tomcat自动完成以下工作

          * session的钝化:

                  * 在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象系列化到硬盘上

          * session的活化:

                 * 在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可。

代码实现:               

3. session什么时候被销毁?

                     1. 服务器关闭

                     2. session对象调用invalidate() 。

                     3. session默认失效时间 30分钟

                            选择性配置修改  

                            <session-config>

                             <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>

                         </session-config>

 5. session的特点

               1. session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存在服务器端

               2. session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据

              * session与Cookie的区别:

                     1. session存储数据在服务器端,Cookie在客户端

                     2. session没有数据大小限制,Cookie有

                     3. session数据安全,Cookie相对于不安全

## 案例:验证码

       1. 案例需求:

              1. 访问带有验证码的登录页面login.jsp

              2. 用户输入用户名,密码以及验证码。

                     * 如果用户名和密码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:用户名或密码错误

                     * 如果验证码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:验证码错误

                     * 如果全部输入正确,则跳转到主页success.jsp,显示:用户名,欢迎您

       2. 分析:

       代码实现:

创建一个包:Servliet包    ( 验证码)

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width = 100;
        int height = 50;
        //1.创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //2.美化图片
        //2.1 填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
        //2.2画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);
        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran = new Random();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符
            char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
            sb.append(ch);

            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }
        String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
        //将验证码存入session   //达到数据共享
        request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
        //2.4画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        //随机生成坐标点
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }
        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

在web下创建login.jsp -à代码如下:

 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
//绑定点击事件  并且点击图片切换验证码
    <script>
        window.onload = function(){
            document.getElementById("img").onclick = function(){
                this.src="/day16/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();   //时间戳
            }
        }
    </script>
    <style>
        div{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/day16/loginServlet" method="post">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/day16/checkCodeServlet"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
    <div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
    <div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error") %></div>
</body>
</html>

在  在Servlet包下创建类:LoginServlet类

代码如下:

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置request编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //2.获取参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
        //3.先获取生成的验证码
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
        //删除session中存储的验证码      //让验证码!使用一次  一获取就删除
        session.removeAttribute("checkC
ode_session");
        //3.先判断验证码是否正确
        if(checkCode_session!= null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){       //非空判断  防止空指针异常
            //忽略大小写比较字符
            //验证码正确
            //判断用户名和密码是否一致
            if("zhangsan".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)){//需要调用UserDao查询数据库
                //登录成功
                //存储信息,用户信息
                session.setAttribute("user",username);
                //重定向到success.jsp
                response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
            }else{
                //登录失败
                //存储提示信息到request
                request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
                //转发到登录页面
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            }
        }else{
            //验证码不一致
            //存储提示信息到request
            request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
            //转发到登录页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

在web下 建立success.jsp: 代码如下:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您</h1>
</body>
</html>

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