## Session:主菜
1. 概念:服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。HttpSession--------------à也就只能在一次
2. 快速入门:
1. 获取HttpSession对象:
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
2. 使用HttpSession对象:
Object getAttribute(String name)
void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
void removeAttribute(String name)
代码实现:
创建两个类Demo/Democracy demo1共享数据 Demo2获取数据
Demo1:
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo1")
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.存储数据
session.setAttribute("msg","hello session");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
Demo2:
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo2")
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session获取数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.获取数据
Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
3. 原理
* Session的实现是依赖于Cookie的。
4. 细节:
1. 当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
* 默认情况下。不是。
* 如果需要相同,则可以创建Cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存。
Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
c.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(c);
代码实现:
@WebServlet("/sessionDemo3")
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
//期望客户端关闭后,session也能相同
Cookie c = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
c.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(c);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
2. 客户端不关闭,服务器关闭后,两次获取的session是同一个吗?
* 不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失。tomcat自动完成以下工作
* session的钝化:
* 在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象系列化到硬盘上
* session的活化:
* 在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可。
代码实现:
3. session什么时候被销毁?
1. 服务器关闭
2. session对象调用invalidate() 。
3. session默认失效时间 30分钟
选择性配置修改
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
5. session的特点
1. session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存在服务器端
2. session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据
* session与Cookie的区别:
1. session存储数据在服务器端,Cookie在客户端
2. session没有数据大小限制,Cookie有
3. session数据安全,Cookie相对于不安全
## 案例:验证码
1. 案例需求:
1. 访问带有验证码的登录页面login.jsp
2. 用户输入用户名,密码以及验证码。
* 如果用户名和密码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:用户名或密码错误
* 如果验证码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:验证码错误
* 如果全部输入正确,则跳转到主页success.jsp,显示:用户名,欢迎您
2. 分析:
代码实现:
创建一个包:Servliet包 ( 验证码)
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
//1.创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2.美化图片
//2.1 填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
//生成随机角标
Random ran = new Random();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
sb.append(ch);
//2.3写验证码
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
//将验证码存入session //达到数据共享
request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
在web下创建login.jsp -à代码如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
//绑定点击事件 并且点击图片切换验证码
<script>
window.onload = function(){
document.getElementById("img").onclick = function(){
this.src="/day16/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime(); //时间戳
}
}
</script>
<style>
div{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day16/loginServlet" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/day16/checkCodeServlet"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
<div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error") %></div>
</body>
</html>
在 在Servlet包下创建类:LoginServlet类
代码如下:
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置request编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
//3.先获取生成的验证码
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
//删除session中存储的验证码 //让验证码!使用一次 一获取就删除
session.removeAttribute("checkC
ode_session");
//3.先判断验证码是否正确
if(checkCode_session!= null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){ //非空判断 防止空指针异常
//忽略大小写比较字符
//验证码正确
//判断用户名和密码是否一致
if("zhangsan".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)){//需要调用UserDao查询数据库
//登录成功
//存储信息,用户信息
session.setAttribute("user",username);
//重定向到success.jsp
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
}else{
//登录失败
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}else{
//验证码不一致
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
在web下 建立success.jsp: 代码如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您</h1>
</body>
</html>