Java I/O流

Java I/O流

流是什么：

计算机中的流失一种信息的转换，它是一种有序流。
通常我们把对象接收外界的信息输入(Input)称为输入流
从对象向外输出(Output)称为输出流

---

一、IO流层次图

二、File类

2.1、描述

File类：文件和目录路径名的抽象表示。

2.2、File的常用方法

方法	描述
getName()	返回文件名称
getPath()	返回相对路径
getAbsolutePath()	返回绝对路径
length()	返回文件大小，单位Byte
isFile()	是否为文件，是返回true，否则返回false
isDirectory()	是否为文件夹，是返回true，否则返回false
exists()	是否存在
mkdir()	创建文件夹
createNewFile()	创建新文件
delete()	删除文件

三、字节流操作文件

3.1 FileInputStream 读取文件（输入流）

public static void main(String[] args) {

        FileInputStream fis = null;

        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("D:/2.txt");
            int a;
//            逐一读取赋值
//            while ((a = fis.read()) != -1) {
//                System.out.println((char) a);
//            }
//					直接赋值给byte数组  读取byte
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            while ((a = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
                    System.out.println((char) bytes[i]);
                }
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

3.2 FileOutputStream 写入文件（输出流）

public static void main(String[] args) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;

        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/2.txt",true);
            String a = "anshinengdie\n";
            fos.write(a.getBytes());
            fos.flush();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

3.3 DataInputStream与DataOutputStream(用来操作二进制文件)

• 注意：其实上方的FileInputStream与FileOutputStream也可以操作二进制文件。

public static void main(String[] args) {
        DataInputStream dis = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;

        DataOutputStream dos = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;

        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("./resources/aaa.jpg");
            dis = new DataInputStream(fis);

            fos = new FileOutputStream("aaacopy.jpg");
            dos = new DataOutputStream(fos);

            int temp;
            while ((temp = dis.read()) != -1) {
                dos.write(temp);
            }
            dos.flush();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                dos.close();
                fos.close();
                dis.close();
                fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }

四、字符流操作文件

4.1 FileRead 与 FileWriter

4.1.1 FileRead

public static void main(String[] args) {

        FileReader fr = null;
        try {
            fr = new FileReader("myPrim.txt");
/*            while (fr.read()!=-1){
                System.out.println((char) fr.read());
            }*/
            StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            char[] a = new char[1024];
            while (fr.read(a)!=-1){
                stringBuffer.append(a);
            }
            System.out.println(stringBuffer);

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                fr.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

4.1.2 FileWriter

public static void main(String[] args) {

        FileWriter fw = null;
//            获取系统的文件编码
        try {
            System.out.println(System.getProperty("file.encoding"));
            fw = new FileWriter("1.txt",true);
            String a = "aaa";
            fw.write(a);
            fw.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

4.2BufferedRead 与 BufferedWriter

4.2.1 BufferedRead

public static void main(String[] args) {

        Reader fr = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;

        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("aaa/1.txt");
            fr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"UTF8");
            br = new BufferedReader(fr);
            String content = "";

            while ((content = br.readLine())!= null) {
                System.out.println(content);
            }

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                br.close();
                fr.close();
                fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }

4.2.1 BufferedWriter

public static void main(String[] args) {

        Writer fw = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;
        OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("aaa/1.txt",true);
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"UTF8");
            bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);

            bw.write("今天最高温度是25度");
            bw.newLine();
            bw.write("走出去玩");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                fos.flush();
                osw.flush();
                bw.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

    }

五、序列化

5.1描述

序列化：是将对象的状态写入到特定的流中的过程（将对象转化为字节）
反序列化：是从特定的流中获取数据重新构建对象的过程（将字节转化为对象）

5.2 序列化的实现

将对象实现Serializable接口

例如：

5.2.1 实现接口

import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
    String name;
    String gender;
    Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, String gender, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

5.2.2 序列化(将对象转换成字节写入文件)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student = new Student("zhangsan", "male", 21);
        System.out.println(student.getName());
        System.out.println(student.getAge());
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("./resources/stuseria.txt");
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            oos.writeObject(student);


        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                oos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

5.3 反序列化(将文件二进制转化为对象)

public static void main(String[] args) {
//        Student student = new Student("zhangsan", "male", 21);
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;

        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("./resources/stuseria.txt");
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);

            Student a =(Student) ois.readObject();

            System.out.println(a.gender);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                ois.close();
                fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }