图形用户界面设计

图形用户界面设计

布局与事件

一.布局

1.流式布局FlowLayout

package com.HSY.Java_Windows;

import java.awt.*;

public class Java_Windows extends Frame
{
    public Java_Windows()
    {
        super("SIMS");//窗口标题
        setSize(200,150);//分别设置宽度和高度
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//设置布局
        add(new Button("Student"));//添加界面按钮
        add(new Button("Teacher"));
        add(new Button("Manage"));
        add(new Button("Exit"));
        setVisible(true);//设置窗口为可视的
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------

package com.HSY.Test;

import com.HSY.Java_Windows.Java_Windows;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Java_Windows a = new Java_Windows();
    }
}

运行结果：

2.边界布局BorderLayout

package com.HSY.Java_Windows;

import java.awt.*;

public class Java_Windows extends Frame
{
    public Java_Windows()
    {
        super("SIMS");
        setSize(200,150);
        setLayout(new BorderLayout(10，10));//设置水平间距，竖直间距
        add("West",new Button("Student"));
        add("North",new Button("Teacher"));
        add("East",new Button("Mange"));
        add("South",new Button("Exit"));
        //每个区域只能放一个组件若要放两个以上的组件，需要使用面板(容器嵌套)
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------

package com.HSY.Test;

import com.HSY.Java_Windows.Java_Windows;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Java_Windows a =new Java_Windows();
    }
}

运行结果：

3.网格布局GridLayout

package com.HSY.Java_Windows;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Java_Windows extends Frame
{
    public Java_Windows()
    {
        super("SIMS");
        setSize(200,150);
        setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1,0,10));//行数，列数，水平间距，竖直间距
        add(new JButton("学生"));//javax.swing包中的 JButton() 方法支持中文输入
        add(new JButton("教师"));
        add(new JButton("管理员"));
        add(new JButton("退出"));
        //各组件的排列方式：从上到下，从左到右
        //与BorderLayout类似，如果想要在一个网格单元中添加多个组件
        //必须先在网格单元放一个容器，再将多个组件放在该容器中
        setVisible(true);
    }

}

---------------------------------------------------

package com.HSY.Test;

import com.HSY.Java_Windows.Java_Windows;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Java_Windows a = new Java_Windows();
    }
}

运行结果：

4.卡片布局CardLayout

package Java_Windows;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Java_Windows extends Frame
{
    public Java_Windows()
    {
        super("SIMS");
        setSize(300,200);
        setLayout(new CardLayout(50,50));//水平间距，竖直间距
        add(new JButton("学生"));
        //与BorderLayout和GridLayout类类似，每张卡片中只能放一个组件
        //如果想要在一张卡片放置多个组件
        //必须先在卡片放一个容器，再将多个组件放在该容器中
        //所以下面三行代码是无效的
        add(new JButton("教师"));
        add(new JButton("管理员"));
        add(new JButton("退出"));
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

-------------------------------------------------------------

package Test;

import Java_Windows.Java_Windows;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Java_Windows a = new Java_Windows();
    }
}

运行结果：

二、事件

1.事件监听器及其抽象方法[ (L) = 低级事件，(s) = 语义事件]

接口	包含的方法
ActionListener(S)	actionPerformed
ItemListener(S)	itemStateChanged
WindowListener(L)	windowClosing,windowOpened,windowIconified,windowDeiconified,windowClosed,windowActivated,windowDeactivated
CompoenentListener(L)	componentMoved,componentHidden,componentResized,componentShown
AdjustmentListener(S)	adjustmentValueChanged
MouseMotionListener(L)	mouseDragged,mouseMoved
MouseListener(L)	mousePressed,mouseReleased,mouseEntered,mouseExited,mouseClicked
KeyListener(L)	keyPressed,keyReleased,keyTyped
FocusListener(L)	focusGained,focusLost
ContainerListener(L)	componentAdded,componentRemoved
TextListener(S)	TextValueChanged

2.事件适配器

//利用成员内部类实现事件监听

package com.HSY.Java_Windows;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Java_Windows
{
    private Frame frame;
    private TextArea area;
    private TextField field;
    private Button buttonEnter;

    public Java_Windows()
    {
        frame = new Frame("SIMS");
        area = new TextArea(10,30);
        area.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.BOLD,14));//设置字体，风格，字号
        area.setEditable(false);
        field = new TextField(26);
        buttonEnter = new Button("send");
    }

    private void init()
    {
        Panel panelCenter = new Panel();
        panelCenter.add(area);
        Panel panelSouth = new Panel();
        panelSouth.add(field);
        panelSouth.add(buttonEnter);
        frame.add(panelCenter,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(panelSouth,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }

    private class TextButtonActionHandler implements ActionListener
    {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
        {
            area.append(area.getName() + "\n");
            field.setText("");
        }
    }

    private void addEventHandler()
    {
        buttonEnter.addActionListener(new TextButtonActionHandler());
        field.addActionListener(new TextButtonActionHandler());
    }

    public void showMe()
    {
        init();
        addEventHandler();
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

}

------------------------------------------------------
  
package com.HSY.Test;

import com.HSY.Java_Windows.Java_Windows;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        new Java_Windows().showMe();
    }
}

运行结果：

java.awt包

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学习来源：来源一