持久层框架 MyBatis
文章目录
一、MyBatis 简介
1. 什么是 MyBatis?
-
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,用于简化 JDBC 开发
-
MyBatis 本是 Apache 的一个开源项目iBatis,2010年这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis。2013年11月迁移到Github
-
持久层
- 负责将数据保存到数据库的那一层代码
- JavaEE三层架构:表现层、业务层、持久层
-
框架
- 框架就是一个半成品软件,是一套可重用的、通用的软件基础代码模型
- 在框架的基础上构建软件编写更加高效、规范、通用、可扩展
2. JDBC的缺点 与 MyBatis解决方案
二、MyBatis 快速入门
1. 创建user表,添加数据
CREATE DATABASE mybatis;
USE mybatis;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_user;
CREATE TABLE tb_user(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(20),
password VARCHAR(20),
gender CHAR(1),
address VARCHAR(30)
);
数据可以使用Navicat自动生成
2. 创建模块导入坐标
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!--MyBatis 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--MySQL 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.16</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--添加slf4j日志api-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.20</version>
</dependency>
<!--添加logback-classic依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--添加logback-core依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.创建 MyBatis 核心配置文件
- 替换连接信息,解决硬编码问题
resources目录下添加mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybatis?useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<!--加载sql映射文件-->
<mapper resource="UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
4. 编写 SQL 映射文件
- 统一管理sql语句,解决硬编码问题
resources目录下UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
namespace:命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="user">
<select id="selectAll" resultType="com.itheima.pojo.User">
select * from tb_user;
</select>
</mapper>
5. 编码
- 定义POJO类
package com.itheima.pojo;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String gender;
private String address;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, String gender, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.gender = gender;
this.address = address;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 加载核心配置文件,获取 SqlSessionFactory 对象
- 获取SqlSession 对象,指向 SQL 语句
- 释放资源
package com.itheima;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
/**
* MyBatis 快速入门代码
*/
public class MyBatisDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 加载MyBatis的核心配置文件,获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象,用它来执行sql
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 执行sql
List<User> users = sqlSession.selectList("user.selectAll");
//查看结果
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//4. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
项目目录
三、Mapper 代理开发
1. 目的
- 解决原生方式中的硬编码
- 简化后期执行SQL语句
2. 使用 Mapper 代 理方式完成入门案例
- 定义与SQL映射文件同名的Mapper接口,并且将Mapper接口与SQL映射文件放置在同一目录下
- 设置SQL映射文件的namespace属性为Mapper接口全限定名
UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
namespace:命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="selectAll" resultType="com.itheima.pojo.User">
select * from tb_user;
</select>
</mapper>
- 在Mapper接口中定义方法,方法名就是SQL映射文件中sql语句的id,并保持参数类型和返回值类型一致
UserMapper
package com.itheima.mapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
List<User> selectAll();
}
- 编码
- 通过 SqlSession 的 getMapper 方法获取Mapper接口的代理对象
- 调用对应方法完成sql的执行
package com.itheima;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class MyBatisDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 加载MyBatis的核心配置文件,获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象,用它来执行sql
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 执行sql
//List<User> users = sqlSession.selectList("user.selectAll");
//3.1 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = userMapper.selectAll();
//查看获取到的数据
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//4. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
- 细节:如果Mapper接口名称和SQL映射文件名称相同,并在同一目录下,则可以使用包扫描的方式简化SQL映射文件的加载
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybatis?useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<!--加载sql映射文件-->
<!--<mapper resource="com\itheima\mapper\UserMapper.xml"/>-->
<package name="com.itheima.mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
项目目录
四、MyBatis 核心配置文件
五、MyBatis 实现CRUD
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声明: 本文内容整理自:黑马程序员新版JavaWeb基础教程,Java web从入门到企业实战完整版