题目是需要通过乘客的年龄,性别,舱级,社会阶级,上船地点,船上家人数量的信息对乘客的生存死亡做一个预测。
# This Python 3 environment comes with many helpful analytics libraries installed
# It is defined by the kaggle/python Docker image: https://github.com/kaggle/docker-python
# For example, here's several helpful packages to load
import numpy as np # linear algebra
import pandas as pd # data processing, CSV file I/O (e.g. pd.read_csv)
# Input data files are available in the read-only "../input/" directory
# For example, running this (by clicking run or pressing Shift+Enter) will list all files under the input directory
import os
for dirname, _, filenames in os.walk('/kaggle/input'):
for filename in filenames:
print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))
# You can write up to 20GB to the current directory (/kaggle/working/) that gets preserved as output when you create a version using "Save & Run All"
# You can also write temporary files to /kaggle/temp/, but they won't be saved outside of the current session
1. 数据集情况查看以及数据清洗(填补空缺值)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
train = pd.read_csv('../input/titanic/train.csv')
test = pd.read_csv('../input/titanic/test.csv')
# 这里需要注意的是,如果没有后面的ignore_index=True
#那么index的值在连接后的这个新数据中是不连续的 继续从 0开始,如果要按照index删除一行数据,可能会发现多删一条。
full = pd.concat([train, test], ignore_index=True)
full.head() # 默认显示5行
#查看字符型数据情况:
full.describe(include=['O'])
full.describe().T
#describe()函数只能查看数据类型的描述统计信息,无法查看类似字符类型的信息。
#故需用info()函数进一步查看每一列的数据信息。
full.info()
print(full.isnull().sum()) # 查看数据的缺失情况
#用众数填补Embarked
#查看众数
full.Embarked.mode()
full['Embarked'].fillna('S',inplace=True)
#填补Fare空缺值,用Pclass==3的客舱票价的中位数来填充
full[full.Fare.isnull()]#查看Fare缺失值的信息,获得Pclass
full.Fare.fillna(full[full.Pclass==3]['Fare'].median(),inplace=True)
#年龄(Age) 最小值为0.17,不存在0值,其数据缺失率为263/1309=20.09%,由于Age的平均数与中位数接近,故选择平均值作为缺失项的填充值。
full.Age.fillna(full.Age.mean(),inplace = True)
# full['Age']=full['Age'].fillna(full['Age'].mean())
full.Age.describe()
full['Cabin'] = full['Cabin'].fillna('U')
full.Cabin.isnull().sum()
#1014
#创造新特征Cabin_exist,判断Cabin与Survived的相关性,相关性不大则删除
full['Cabin_exist'] = full['Cabin'].map(lambda x:"Yes" if type(x)==str else "No")# 判断类型是否相等
full[["Cabin_exist", "Survived"]].groupby("Cabin_exist",as_index=False).mean()
full =full.drop('Cabin_exist',axis = 1)
full.head()
#将字符转换为数值
full['Cabin_exist'] = full['Cabin'].map(lambda x: 1 if type(x)==str else 0)
full = full.drop('Cabin',axis = 1)
full.head()
# full.loc[full.Cabin.notnull(),'Cabin'] = 1
# full.loc[full.Cabin.isnull(),'Cabin'] = 0
# full.Cabin.isnull().sum()#验证填充效果
sns.barplot(x="Cabin_exist",y="Survived",data=full)
full.isnull().sum()
#数据处理完毕
full.head()
2. 特征工程
#1,探究Sex与Survived的相关性
full[['Sex','Survived']].groupby('Sex',as_index = False).mean().sort_values('Survived',ascending = False)
sns.countplot(x = 'Sex',hue = 'Survived',data =full)
#Sex(性别),将字符映射到字符
sex_dict = {'male': 1,'female':0}
full['Sex'] = full['Sex'].map(sex_dict)
full['Sex'].head()
full[["Pclass","Sex","Survived"]].groupby(["Pclass","Sex"],as_index=False).mean().sort_values(by="Survived",ascending=False)
#两维变量关系图
sns.factorplot(x="Pclass",y="Survived",hue="Sex",data=full)
#2,探究Pcalss与Survived的关联性,相关性较高
full[["Pclass","Survived"]].groupby(["Pclass"],as_index = False).mean().sort_values(by="Survived",ascending=False)
sns.barplot(x="Pclass",y="Survived",data=full)
#将客舱类型进行独热编码
PclassDf = pd.get_dummies(full['Pclass'],prefix = 'Pclass')
PclassDf.head()
#将编码后的客舱特征与原数据合并
full = pd.concat([full,PclassDf],axis = 1)
full.head()
#删除Pclass
ful = full.drop('Pclass',axis = 1)
full.head()
Embarked:不同的上船地点对生存率是否有影响
full[["Embarked","Survived"]].groupby("Embarked",as_index=False).count().sort_values("Survived",ascending=False)
sns.barplot(x="Embarked",y="Survived",data=full)
sns.factorplot(x="Sex",y="Survived",hue="Embarked",data=full)
full[["Sex","Survived","Embarked"]].groupby(["Sex","Embarked"],as_index=False).count().sort_values("Survived",ascending=False)
S口岸,登船人数644,女性乘客占比46%;C口岸,登船人数168,女性占比接近77%; Q口岸,登船人数77,女性占比接近88%。 前面已知女性生存率明显高于男性生存率,所以上述问题可能由性别因素引起。
#对Embarked进行独热编码
EmbarkedDf = pd.get_dummies(full['Embarked'],prefix = 'Embarked')
EmbarkedDf.head()
# 将EmbarkedDf的特征添加至full数据集
full = pd.concat([full,EmbarkedDf],axis = 1)#按列插入数据
full.head()
# 因为已经使用登船港口(Embarked)进行了one-hot编码产生了它的虚拟变量(dummy variables)
# 所以这里把登船港口(Embarked)删掉
full = full.drop('Embarked',axis = 1)
full.head()
从name里提取title(头衔),地位高的人在灾难里会更有可能获得救援从而得以存活
def getTitle(Name):
s1 = Name.split(',')[1]#Braund, Mr. Owen Harris 分割完取第二个元素Mr. Owen Harris
s2 = s1.split('.')[0]#得到Mr
return s2.strip( ) #strip() 方法用于移除字符串头尾指定的字符(这里是空格)
full['Title'] = full['Name'].map(getTitle)#将getTitle映射给Name 得到Title
full['Title'].value_counts()
full.drop('Name',axis = 1,inplace = True)
full.head()
将头衔分为五类:
Officer:政府官员; Royalty:王室(皇室); Mr:已婚男士; Mrs:已婚妇女; Miss:年轻未婚女子; Master:有技能的人/教师
pd.crosstab(full.Title,full.Sex)#透视表
#探索title与生存的关系
full[["Title","Survived"]].groupby("Title",as_index=False).mean().sort_values("Survived",ascending=False)
sns.barplot(x="Title",y="Survived",data=full)
full['Title'].value_counts()
Mr 757 Miss 260 Mrs 197 Master 61 Rev 8 Dr 8 Col 4 Mlle 2 Major 2 Ms 2 Lady 1 Sir 1 Mme 1 Don 1 Capt 1 the Countess 1 Jonkheer 1 Dona 1 Name: Title, dtype: int64
#独热编码
TitleDf = pd.get_dummies(full['Title'],prefix = 'Title')
#添加进full
full = pd.concat([full,TitleDf],axis = 1)
full.head()
#删除不需要的列
full = full.drop(['Title'],axis = 1)
full.head()
Cabin与Survived之间的相关性
客场号的类别值是首字母,因此我们提取客舱号的首字母为特征 full['Cabin'] = full['Cabin'].map(lambda x : x[0]) full['Cabin'].value_counts full['Cabin']=full['Cabin'].map(lambda x:x[0]) full['Cabin'].value_counts() 因为之前用处理过,所以不再提取首字母,如果用u来填充的话,可以用这种方法
探究孤身一人和有家人陪伴的生存率(SibSp,Parch)
full[['SibSp','Survived']].groupby(['SibSp'],as_index = False).mean().sort_values('Survived',ascending = False)
sns.barplot(x = 'SibSp',y = 'Survived',data = full)
full[["Parch","Survived"]].groupby("Parch",as_index=False).mean().sort_values("Survived",ascending=False)
sns.barplot(x = 'Parch',y = 'Survived',data = full)
# 构建家庭人数和家庭类别的新特征
full['family'] = full['Parch'] + full['SibSp'] + 1#Parch,SibSp为0时,只有自己一个人,+1
full['Alone'] = np.where(full['family'] == 1,1,0)
full['family_small'] = np.where((full['family']>=2) & (full['family']<=4),1,0)
full['family_big'] = np.where(full['family']>=5,1,0)
full.head()
#探究家庭与存活率的关系 证实孤身一人存活率不高
full[['family','Survived']].groupby('family',as_index = False).mean().sort_values('Survived',ascending = False)
sns.barplot(x = 'family',y = 'Survived',data = full)
#孤身一人对生存率是否有影响
full[["Alone","Survived"]].groupby("Alone",as_index = False).mean().sort_values("Survived",ascending=False)
sns.barplot(x="Alone",y="Survived",data=full)
full = full.drop('family',axis = 1)
sns.factorplot(x="Pclass",y="Survived",hue="Alone",data=full)
探究年龄Age与Survived的相关性
#查看Age的分布情况
sns.violinplot(y="Age",data=full)
#查看生存与死亡乘客的年龄分布
sns.violinplot(y="Age",x="Survived",data=full)
#将年龄分为五组
full['AgeCut'] = pd.cut(full.Age,5)#要用full['AgeCut'],而不是full.AgeCut,这样AgeCut才会在Index里
full.AgeCut.value_counts().sort_index()
full[['AgeCut','Survived']].groupby('AgeCut',as_index = False).mean().sort_values('Survived',ascending = False)
#根据各个分段,重新给Age赋值
full.loc[full.Age <= 16.136,'Age'] = 1
full.loc[(full.Age > 16.136)&(full.Age <=32.102),'Age'] = 2
full.loc[(full.Age > 32.102)&(full.Age <=48.068),'Age'] = 3
full.loc[(full.Age > 48.068)&(full.Age <=64.034),'Age'] = 4
full.loc[full.Age > 64.034,'Age'] = 5
full.head()
AgeDf = pd.get_dummies(full['Age'],prefix =' Age')
full = pd.concat([full,AgeDf],axis = 1)
full = full.drop(['Age','AgeCut'],axis = 1)
full.head()
sns.violinplot(y="Fare",data=train)
#对比生死乘客的票价
sns.violinplot(y="Fare",x="Survived",data=train)
# 当然这里也可以用seaborn的displot进行绘制,但是displot的纵坐标是比率,hist的纵坐标是实际个数count;
# figsize调整画布大小
full['Fare'].hist(color='green', bins=30, figsize=(8,4))
#分组
full['FareCut'] = pd.cut(full.Fare,5)
full.FareCut.value_counts().sort_index()
# full.head()
full[['FareCut','Survived']].groupby('FareCut',as_index = False).mean().sort_values('Survived',ascending = False)
#重新赋值
full.loc[full.Fare<=7.854,'Fare']=1
full.loc[(full.Fare>7.854)&(full.Fare<=10.5),'Fare']=2
full.loc[(full.Fare>10.5)&(full.Fare<=21.558),'Fare']=3
full.loc[(full.Fare>21.558)&(full.Fare<=41.579),'Fare']=4
full.loc[full.Fare>41.579,'Fare']=5
full.head()
#进行独热编码
FareDf = pd.get_dummies(full['Fare'],prefix = 'Fare')
full = pd.concat([full,FareDf],axis = 1)
full = full.drop(['Fare','FareCut'],axis = 1)
full.head()
full = full.drop(['SibSp','Parch','Pclass'],axis = 1)
full.head()
3.特征选择¶
full.info()
corr_df=full.corr()
corr_df
#用图形直观查看线性相关系数
plt.figure(figsize=(16,16))
plt.title("Pearson Correlation of Features")
sns.heatmap(corr_df,linewidths=0.1,square=True,linecolor="white",annot=True,cmap='YlGnBu',vmin=-1,vmax=1)
corr_df['Survived'].sort_values(ascending = False)
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'> RangeIndex: 1309 entries, 0 to 1308 Data columns (total 42 columns): # Column Non-Null Count Dtype --- ------ -------------- ----- 0 PassengerId 1309 non-null int64 1 Survived 891 non-null float64 2 Sex 1309 non-null int64 3 Ticket 1309 non-null object 4 Cabin_exist 1309 non-null int64 5 Pclass_1 1309 non-null uint8 6 Pclass_2 1309 non-null uint8 7 Pclass_3 1309 non-null uint8 8 Embarked_C 1309 non-null uint8 9 Embarked_Q 1309 non-null uint8 10 Embarked_S 1309 non-null uint8 11 Title_Capt 1309 non-null uint8 12 Title_Col 1309 non-null uint8 13 Title_Don 1309 non-null uint8 14 Title_Dona 1309 non-null uint8 15 Title_Dr 1309 non-null uint8 16 Title_Jonkheer 1309 non-null uint8 17 Title_Lady 1309 non-null uint8 18 Title_Major 1309 non-null uint8 19 Title_Master 1309 non-null uint8 20 Title_Miss 1309 non-null uint8 21 Title_Mlle 1309 non-null uint8 22 Title_Mme 1309 non-null uint8 23 Title_Mr 1309 non-null uint8 24 Title_Mrs 1309 non-null uint8 25 Title_Ms 1309 non-null uint8 26 Title_Rev 1309 non-null uint8 27 Title_Sir 1309 non-null uint8 28 Title_the Countess 1309 non-null uint8 29 Alone 1309 non-null int64 30 family_small 1309 non-null int64 31 family_big 1309 non-null int64 32 Age_1.0 1309 non-null uint8 33 Age_2.0 1309 non-null uint8 34 Age_3.0 1309 non-null uint8 35 Age_4.0 1309 non-null uint8 36 Age_5.0 1309 non-null uint8 37 Fare_1.0 1309 non-null uint8 38 Fare_2.0 1309 non-null uint8 39 Fare_3.0 1309 non-null uint8 40 Fare_4.0 1309 non-null uint8 41 Fare_5.0 1309 non-null uint8 dtypes: float64(1), int64(6), object(1), uint8(34) memory usage: 125.4+ KBOut[46]:
Survived 1.000000 Title_Mrs 0.339040 Title_Miss 0.327093 Pclass_1 0.285904 family_small 0.279855 Fare_5.0 0.266217 Embarked_C 0.168240 Age_1.0 0.121485 Pclass_2 0.093349 Title_Master 0.085221 Title_Mlle 0.060095 Fare_4.0 0.058052 Fare_3.0 0.043153 Title_Lady 0.042470 Title_Mme 0.042470 Title_Sir 0.042470 Title_Ms 0.042470 Title_the Countess 0.042470 Age_4.0 0.030350 Age_3.0 0.021711 Title_Major 0.011329 Title_Col 0.011329 Title_Dr 0.008185 Embarked_Q 0.003650 PassengerId -0.005007 Title_Don -0.026456 Title_Jonkheer -0.026456 Title_Capt -0.026456 Title_Rev -0.064988 Age_5.0 -0.067344 Age_2.0 -0.097245 family_big -0.125147 Embarked_S -0.149683 Fare_1.0 -0.164287 Fare_2.0 -0.198067 Alone -0.203367 Pclass_3 -0.322308 Sex -0.543351 Title_Mr -0.549199 Cabin_exist NaN Title_Dona NaN Name: Survived, dtype: float64
选择特征
full_x=pd.concat([TitleDf,PclassDf,EmbarkedDf,FareDf,AgeDf,full['Sex'],full['family_small'],full['Cabin_exist']
,full['family_big'],full['Alone']],axis=1)
full_x.head()
分割训练数据和测试数据¶
#前891行为原始训练数据
source_x=full_x.loc[0:890,:]#提取特征值
source_y=full.loc[0:890,'Survived']#提取标签值
#后418行是test,预测数据
pred_x=full_x.loc[891:,:]
source_x.shape#(891, 23)
source_y.shape#(891,)
pred_x.shape#(418, 23)
构建训练集和数据集
¶
#对x_train,x_test进行标准化
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
sc = StandardScaler()
x_train_std=sc.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test_std=sc.transform(x_test)
#训练数据集和测试数据集,按照二八原则分为训练数据和测试数据,其中80%为训练数据
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test =train_test_split(source_x,source_y,train_size=0.8)
print('训练数据集特征:{0},训练数据集标签:{1}'.format(x_train.shape,y_train.shape))
print('测试数据集特征:{0},测试数据集标签:{1}'.format(x_test.shape,y_test.shape))
不同模型对比
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
from sklearn.svm import SVC
models=[KNeighborsClassifier(),GaussianNB(),DecisionTreeClassifier(),RandomForestClassifier(),
GradientBoostingClassifier(),SVC()]
# 计算各模型得分
names=['KNN','NB','Tree','RF','GDBT','SVM']
for name, model in zip(names,models):
score=cross_val_score(model , x_train , y_train ,cv=5)
print("{}:{},{}".format(name,score.mean(),score))
KNN:0.8174431202600216,[0.79020979 0.82517483 0.8028169 0.84507042 0.82394366] NB:0.7079976361666502,[0.62237762 0.6993007 0.76056338 0.67605634 0.78169014] Tree:0.8244558258642766,[0.7972028 0.83916084 0.79577465 0.85915493 0.83098592] RF:0.818831872352999,[0.7972028 0.83216783 0.79577465 0.85211268 0.81690141] GDBT:0.8230473751600511,[0.8041958 0.83216783 0.79577465 0.83098592 0.85211268] SVM:0.837082635674185,[0.8041958 0.86713287 0.8028169 0.83802817 0.87323944]
# 使用标准化的数据 scaled data
names=['KNN','NB','Tree','RF','GDBT','SVM']
for name, model in zip(names,models):
score=cross_val_score(model,x_train_std,y_train,cv=5)
print("{}:{},{}".format(name,score.mean(),score))
KNN:0.8258347286516301,[0.81818182 0.83916084 0.80985915 0.82394366 0.83802817] NB:0.6798975672215108,[0.61538462 0.65734266 0.77464789 0.61971831 0.73239437] Tree:0.8230473751600511,[0.7972028 0.83916084 0.79577465 0.85211268 0.83098592] RF:0.8188121737417513,[0.8041958 0.83916084 0.78169014 0.83802817 0.83098592] GDBT:0.8230473751600511,[0.8041958 0.83216783 0.79577465 0.83098592 0.85211268] SVM:0.8188121737417513,[0.79020979 0.85314685 0.78169014 0.82394366 0.84507042]
通过决策树看各个特征的重要性
¶
clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion = 'entropy',random_state = 30,splitter = 'random')
clf.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
score = clf.score(x_test_std,y_test)
score
fi=pd.DataFrame({'importance':clf.feature_importances_},index=x_train.columns)
fi.sort_values('importance',ascending=False)
Sex 0.386930 Pclass_3 0.141619 family_big 0.093548 Title_Master 0.047530 Pclass_1 0.042795 Alone 0.034266 Fare_2.0 0.025950 Pclass_2 0.024562 Embarked_S 0.022365 Fare_1.0 0.021891 Age_2.0 0.017045 Title_Mr 0.017019 Fare_4.0 0.015637 Age_3.0 0.014921 Age_4.0 0.012283 Fare_5.0 0.011596 Embarked_C 0.011315 family_small 0.010904 Title_Mrs 0.009843 Embarked_Q 0.008676 Fare_3.0 0.007491 Age_5.0 0.007221 Title_Miss 0.004979 Title_Sir 0.003193 Title_Col 0.002961 Age_1.0 0.001737 Title_Rev 0.001293 Title_Dr 0.000430 Title_Don 0.000000 Title_Dona 0.000000 Cabin_exist 0.000000 Title_Major 0.000000 Title_Jonkheer 0.000000 Title_Lady 0.000000 Title_the Countess 0.000000 Title_Ms 0.000000 Title_Mme 0.000000 Title_Mlle 0.000000 Title_Capt 0.000000
fi.sort_values('importance',ascending=False).plot.bar(figsize=(11,7))
plt.xticks(rotation=30)
plt.title('Feature Importance',size='x-large')
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
param_grid={'n_neighbors':[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(KNeighborsClassifier(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
#LogisticRegression
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
param_grid={'C':[0.01,0.1,1,10]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(LogisticRegression(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
# second round grid search
param_grid={'C':[0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(LogisticRegression(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
#Support Vector Machine
param_grid={'C':[0.01,0.1,1,10],'gamma':[0.01,0.1,1,10]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(SVC(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
#second round grid search
param_grid={'C':[2,4,6,8,10,12,14],'gamma':[0.008,0.01,0.012,0.015,0.02]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(SVC(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
#Gradient Boosting Decision Tree
param_grid={'n_estimators':[30,50,80,120,200],'learning_rate':[0.05,0.1,0.5,1],'max_depth':[1,2,3,4,5]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(GradientBoostingClassifier(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
#second round grid search
param_grid={'C':[2,4,6,8,10,12,14],'gamma':[0.008,0.01,0.012,0.015,0.02]}
grid_search=GridSearchCV(SVC(),param_grid,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
grid_search.best_params_,grid_search.best_score_
模型训练
#逻辑回归
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
model1 = LogisticRegression()
model1.fit(x_train_std,y_train)
LogisticRegression(C=1.0, class_weight=None, dual=False, fit_intercept=True,
intercept_scaling=1, max_iter=100, multi_class='ovr', n_jobs=1,
penalty='l2', random_state=None, solver='liblinear', tol=0.0001,
verbose=0, warm_start=False)
#在测试集上得出模型正确率
model1.score(x_test_std,y_test)
0.8212290502793296
pred1 = model1.predict(x_test)
score1 = model1.score(x_train,y_train)
score1
#使用训练得到的模型对pred_x的生存情况进行预测
pred_x_std=sc.fit_transform(pred_x)
pred_y=model1.predict(pred_x_std)
pred_y
array([0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 1.])