python-操作列表

1. 遍历整个列表

1.1. for循环遍历

animal = ['dog', 'cat', 'bird']
for element in animal:
    print(element + "!")
    print("I like " + element.title() + "!\n")
print("Ok")
# dog!
# I like Dog!
#
# cat!
# I like Cat!
#
# bird!
# I like Bird!
#
# Ok

1.2. 创建数值列表

1.2.1 函数range

for val in range(1, 5):
    print(val)
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4

# 步长为2
even_number = list(range(2, 11, 2))  
print(even_number)  # [2, 4, 6, 8, 10] 

# 输出1-10数字的每个平方
squares = []
for val in range(1, 11):
    squares.append(val ** 2)
print(squares)  # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

1.2.2 简单的统计计算

lists = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
print(min(lists))  # 1
print(max(lists))  # 8
print(sum(lists))  # 36

1.3. 列表解析（简洁）

lists = [val ** 2 for val in range(1, 11)]
print(lists)  # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100

1.4. 习题

print(min(list(range(1, 1000000))))  # 1
print(max(list(range(1, 1000000))))  # 999999
print(sum(list(range(1, 1000000))))  # 499999500000

# 奇数
for val in range(1, 21, 2):
    print(val)

# 3-30内能被3整除的数字
for val in range(3, 31, 3):
    print(val)

# 立方
cube = []
for val in range(1, 11):
    cube.append(val ** 3)
print(cube)

# 立方解析
cube = [val ** 3 for val in range(1, 11)]
print(cube)

2. 使用列表的一部分

2.1. 切片

names = ['Jack', 'Tom', 'Marry', 'Carl']
print(names[1:3])  # ['Tom', 'Marry']
print(names[:3])  # ['Jack', 'Tom', 'Marry']
print(names[1:])  # ['Tom', 'Marry', 'Carl']
print(names[-2:])  # ['Marry', 'Carl']

2.1.1 遍历切片

scores = [90, 80, 100, 50, 95]
for score in sorted(scores)[-3:]:
    print(score)
# 90
# 95
# 100 

2.1.2 复制列表

my_love = ['apple', 'pear', 'banana']
friends_love = my_love[:]  # 复制
my_love.append('a1')
friends_love.append('a2')
print(my_love)  # ['apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'a1']
print(friends_love)  # ['apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'a2']

下方则不能得到两个列表

names = ['Jack', 'Merry']
new_names = names
names.append('Tom')
new_names.append('Carl')
print(new_names)  # ['Jack', 'Merry', 'Tom', 'Carl']

2.2. 习题

names = ['Tom', 'Jack', 'Merry', 'Carl', 'Ann']
# 打印列表的前三个元素
for name in names[:3]:
    print(name)  # Tom Jack Merry
# 打印列表中间的三个元素
for name in names[1:4]:
    print(name)  # Jack Merry Carl
# 打印列表末尾的三个元素
for name in names[-3:]:
    print(name)  # Merry Carl Ann

3. 元组-python将不可变的列表称为元组

3.1. 定义元组

names = ('Jack', 'Tom')
print(names[0])  # Jack
print(names[1])  # Tom

names[0] = 'Carl'
print(names[0])
# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

3.2. 遍历元组

nums = (100, 200)
for num in nums:
    print(num)
# 100
# 200

3.3. 修改元组变量-给元组变量赋值是合法的

nums = (20, 50)
print(nums[0])  # 20
nums = (100, 200)
print(nums[0])  # 100