yum工具报错，启动不了，不可用

如果在这个地方，报什么，就是哪个包找不到

[root@administrator ~]# yum
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   No module named yum

yum报错情景1：

[root@administrator ~]# yum
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   No module named yum

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.6.6 (r266:84292, Mar  7 2023, 14:15:28) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
  http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

yum报错情况2：

No module named sqlitecachec

今天又遇到这个问题了，网上说这个sqlitecachec包在:yum-metadata-parser里，但是装了无数次还是没这个包，最后用rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm --force解决,简而言之就是之前装的第一次没装上 ，然后却提示已经安装上了，最好只能使用–force强制安装安装上。

[root@administrator ~]# yum
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   No module named sqlitecachec

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.6.6 (r266:84292, Mar  7 2023, 14:15:28) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
  http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

yum报错情况3：

这是因为缺少依赖。

[root@administrator ~]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
        /usr/bin/python is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        python >= 2.4 is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        python(abi) = 2.7 is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        python-iniparse is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        python-sqlite is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        rpm-python is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        yum-metadata-parser >= 1.1.0 is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
        yum-plugin-fastestmirror is needed by yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch

解决方案(这是最直接的方式，其实缺哪个补哪个就行):

先卸载、删除yum残留文件后，从阿里镜像仓库下载Centos7对应系统版本的yum包，然后进行安装

卸载、删除残留文件

强制删除python已安装程序及其关联

rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps

删除残余python文件

whereis python |xargs rm -frv

验证删除，返回为无结果

whereis python

删除现有yum

rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps

删除残余yum文件

whereis yum |xargs rm -frv

下载系统版本对应的yum包

查看系统信息

[root@pg-3 lib]# hostnamectl
   Static hostname: pg-3.novalocal
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 9720f29c303c44cb2616ea223625360c
           Boot ID: 5eb5e965714a4c9bad3a4b4367ca912d
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.9 (Maipo)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.9:GA:server
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@pg-3 lib]# 

去阿里云，下载的包的版本应与系统版本号对应的一致：

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/

可以使用搜索快速找的相对应的包：

或者直接把我的这个压缩包给上传服务器也行(不收费，不要会员，不要积分)：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_61920297/89591456

总共需要下载这些包：

[root@pg-3 lib]# ls
python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm-python-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
[root@pg-3 lib]# 

以此类推，一步一步安装所需要的依赖。

当依赖的包无法安装时，暂时不管，先下载下来。

当所有依赖都下载后，能安装的都安装了，最后一次性安装

使用–nodeps --force参数不考虑依赖包，强制安装

[root@administrator ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:rpm-4.11.3-45.el7                ################################# [ 25%]
   2:rpm-python-4.11.3-45.el7         ################################# [ 50%]
   3:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 75%]
   4:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos         ################################# [100%]

最后发现，至少能启动了：

[root@pg-3 lib]# yum
Configuration file /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/product-id.conf not found
Unable to find configuration file for plugin product-id
Configuration file /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/search-disabled-repos.conf not found
Unable to find configuration file for plugin search-disabled-repos
Configuration file /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf not found
Unable to find configuration file for plugin subscription-manager
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to give some command
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
fs             Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot     Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups         Display, or use, the groups information
help           Display a helpful usage message
history        Display, or use, the transaction history
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
list           List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repo-pkgs      Treat a repo. as a group of packages, so we can install/remove all of them
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
swap           Simple way to swap packages, instead of using shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
update-minimal Works like upgrade, but goes to the 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system
updateinfo     Acts on repository update information
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.


Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
  -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
  --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
  --assumeno            answer no for all questions
  --version             show Yum version and exit
  --installroot=[path]  set install root
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
  --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
  --disableincludes=[repo]
                        disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
  --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
  --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
  --downloadonly        don't update, just download
  --downloaddir=DLDIR   specifies an alternate directory to store packages
  --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
  --bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
  --security            Include security relevant packages, in updates
  --advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
  --bzs=BZS             Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
  --cves=CVES           Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
  --sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates

  Plugin Options:
[root@pg-3 lib]#