NEFU-2023-JAVA实验五

题目

实验五 Optional操作实验
实验目的
理解解决Java空指针异常的重要性
掌握Optional对空引用的基本操作方法
掌握基于Optional的函数式编程
掌握整合集合Stream与Optional的操作方法

实验内容
创建实验项目工程java-experiments
在com.experiment05.entity下，创建以下实体类
College实体类，包含学院名称
Teacher实体类，包含教师工号，姓名，及所属学院
Student实体类，包含学号，姓名，年级，指导教师

在com.experiment05.resource下，创建DatabaseUtils类
模拟2个学院，2名教师，4名学生。模拟信息封装到各对象，创建一个学生集合封装所有学生测试。

基于Optional，按需求实现测试类Test中的方法，模拟正确/错误数据信息验证代码的有效性。

（1）提交Test类的代码。（其它类的代码已给）；

（2）提交测试代码的运行截图；

（3）说明实验中出现的问题和解决过程，写出实验的心得体会。

com.experiment05.entity

package com.experiment05.entity;

public class College {
    private String name;

    public College(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

package com.experiment05.entity;

public class Student {
    private int number;
    private String name;
    private int year;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Student(int number, String name, int year) {
        this.number = number;
        this.name = name;
        this.year = year;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setYear(int year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}

package com.experiment05.entity;

public class Teacher {
    private int number;
    private String name;
    private College college;

    public Teacher(int number, String name) {
        this.number = number;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public College getCollege() {
        return college;
    }

    public void setCollege(College college) {
        this.college = college;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
}

com.experiment05.resource

package com.experiment05.resource;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.experiment05.entity.College;
import com.experiment05.entity.Student;
import com.experiment05.entity.Teacher;

public class DatabaseUtils {
    private static final List<Student> STUDENTS = create();

    private static List<Student> create() {
        College c1 = new College("信息学院");
        College c2 = new College("经济管理学院");

        Teacher t1 = new Teacher(1001, "吕惠玲");
        t1.setCollege(c1);
        Teacher t2 = new Teacher(1002, "曾志优");
        t2.setCollege(c2);

        Student s1 = new Student(201001,"赵阳阳", 2010);
        s1.setTeacher(t1);
        Student s2 = new Student(201002,"邵鹏", 2010);
        s2.setTeacher(t1);
        Student s3 = new Student(201103,"高学斌", 2011);
        s3.setTeacher(t2);
        Student s4 = new Student(201104,"张扬", 2011);
        s4.setTeacher(t2);

        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1); students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3); students.add(s4);
        return students;
    }

    public static List<Student> getStudents() {
        return STUDENTS;
    }



}

test

package com.experiment05.test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.lang.String;

import com.experiment05.entity.Student;
import com.experiment05.entity.Teacher;
import com.experiment05.resource.DatabaseUtils;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         getCollegeName(DatabaseUtils.getStudents().get(0));
         isTeacher(DatabaseUtils.getStudents().get(0), "曾志优");
         getCollegeName(DatabaseUtils.getStudents(),201001);
         printCollegeName(DatabaseUtils.getStudents(), 201001, 1002);
    }

    /**
     * 基于给定学生，获取学生的导师的所在学院名称。
     * 任何一项不存在或失败，返回 未知学院
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    private static void getCollegeName(Student student) {
         Optional.ofNullable(student)
                .map(Student::getTeacher)
                .map(Teacher::getCollege)
                .ifPresentOrElse(college -> System.out.println(college.getName()),() -> System.out.println("unknown"));
    }

    /**
     * 基于给定学生及教师姓名，判断是否为给定学生的指导教师。
     * 不匹配或不存在，均返回false
     * @param student
     * @param teacherName
     * @return
     */
    private static void isTeacher(Student student, String teacherName) {
        Optional.ofNullable(student)
                .map(Student::getTeacher)
                .filter(Teacher->Teacher.getName().equals(teacherName))
                .ifPresentOrElse(Teacher -> System.out.println("true"),() -> System.out.println("false"));
    }

    /**
     * 基于给定学生集合，学生编号，实现获取学生的导师的所在学院名称。
     * 任何一项不存在或失败，返回 未知学院
     * 结合collection stream findFirst()方法实现
     * 可直接通过一条方法链实现
     *
     * @param students
     * @param sNumber
     * @return
     */
    private static void getCollegeName(List<Student> students, int sNumber) {
        students.stream()
                .filter(student -> student.getNumber() == sNumber)
                .findFirst()
                .map(Student :: getTeacher)
                .map(Teacher::getCollege)
                .ifPresentOrElse(college -> System.out.println(college.getName()),()-> System.out.println("unknown"));
    }

    /**
     * 实现在给定学生集合中查询指定编号学生，如果学生导师编号为指定编号，打印显式导师所在学院名称。
     * 任何一项不存在或失败，打印显式 未知学院
     * 结合collection stream findFirst()方法实现
     * 可直接通过一条方法链实现
     *
     * @param students
     * @param sNumber，学生编号
     * @param tNumber，教师编号
     */
    private static void printCollegeName(List<Student> students, int sNumber, int tNumber) {
        students.stream()
                .filter(student -> student.getNumber() == sNumber)
                .filter(student -> student.getTeacher().getNumber() == tNumber)
                .findFirst()
                .map(Student::getTeacher)
                .map(Teacher::getCollege)
                .ifPresentOrElse(college -> System.out.println(college.getName()),() -> System.out.println("unknown"));

    }

}